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What is Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH)? Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and serious disease that affects the blood vessels in the lungs. These vessels become too narrow or stiff, which increases the pressure in the pulmonary arteries. As a result, the right side of the heart has to work much harder to pump blood, which can weaken it over time. If left untreated, PAH can lead to right heart failure. There is another rare form called chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), which is caused by blood clots in the pulmonary arteries (pulmonary embolism) and can present in a similar way to PAH. How to recognize pulmonary arterial hypertension? Symptoms may appear gradually. It is important to pay attention to them:Shortness of breath, even with moderate effort (climbing stairs, walking)Unusual, persistent fatiguePalpitations (rapid or irregular heartbeat)Chest painDizziness or faintingSwelling of the legs or ankles (edema)These symptoms are not specific to PAH, but if they persist, consult your doctor. Be aware: swollen legs and fainting (syncope) during exertion are very serious signs that require prompt medical attention. Who is at risk for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)? PAH can affect people of all ages, from early childhood to the elderly. Certain medical conditions predispose individuals to PAH and require annual screening by cardiac ultrasound—this is the case for autoimmune diseases (such as systemic sclerosis) and hereditary forms.Patients with congenital heart diseaseAutoimmune diseases (e.g., scleroderma, lupus)People living with HIVAssociated with certain drugs or toxic substances (e.g., amphetamine derivatives, Mediator®)Causes and risk factorsIdiopathic: no known causeGenetic: hereditary formAssociated with other diseases (e.g., heart defects, liver cirrhosis, autoimmune diseases)Related to certain medications or toxic substances (e.g., Mediator®, amphetamines, and some chemotherapy drugs)Pulmonary arterial hypertension in BelgiumThis is a rare disease: about 15 to 50 cases per million inhabitants. This likely represents several hundred patients, but many remain undiagnosed. Early diagnosis is essential to improve quality of life and longevity. What kind of medical care is needed for PAH? How is Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension diagnosed?Pulmonary function tests: You breathe into a device that measures your lung capacity. This helps rule out other respiratory diseases.Electrocardiogram (ECG)Echocardiography: A simple, painless test that assesses heart function and detects elevated pressure in the pulmonary arteries.Right heart catheterization: This is the key test to confirm PAH. A small tube is inserted into a vein to directly measure blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries. The test is done under local anesthesia, is quick, and generally well tolerated.Chest CT scan or cardiac MRI: These provide detailed images of the heart and lungs and can detect abnormalities such as clots or malformations.Exercise testBlood testsWhat treatments are available?At homeOral medicationsVasodilators and antiproliferative agents: to widen the pulmonary vessels and alter their structureDiuretics: to reduce swelling and relieve the heart’s workloadOxygen therapy: If oxygen levels in the blood are too low, oxygen can be provided at home via a mask or nasal cannula.H.U.B also offers advanced outpatient therapiesContinuous infusions: Some treatments are administered continuously via a pump connected to a small catheter placed under the skin or into a central vein. These require specialized care.Targeted injectable therapies: Specific medications are injected regularly to relax the pulmonary arteries and improve blood flow.Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation: Supervised sessions of light physical activity to improve breathing during exertion, boost endurance, and manage stress and fatigue.Follow-up care may also include physiotherapists, nurses, psychologists, or dietitians, depending on the patient's needs.Specialized follow-up is essentialPulmonary Hypertension requires multidisciplinary care in a specialized center. At the Brussels University Hospital (H.U.B), the Pulmonary Hypertension & Heart Failure Clinic brings together:Expert cardiologists and pulmonologistsSpecialized nursesPhysiotherapists, dietitians, psychologistsSurgeons, geneticists, and radiologistsA personalized and coordinated care approachIn summary:PAH is a rare, serious but treatable diseaseSymptoms are often misleading: shortness of breath, fatigue…Early diagnosis helps improve quality of lifeEffective treatments exist, most of which can be done at homeH.U.B is a reference center for this condition  Need specialized advice or tailored follow-up? Would you like information for yourself or one of your loved ones?Contact the Pulmonary Hypertension and Heart Failure Clinic at H.U.BBy phone at +32 (0)2 555 59 53 or by email at SecMed [dot] Cardio [dot] erasme [at] hubruxelles [dot] be (SecMed[dot]Cardio[dot]erasme[at]hubruxelles[dot]be) Coordination with your primary care physician is possible.

What is oncofertility? Oncofertility is a medical discipline aimed at preserving the fertility of cancer patients before they begin potentially sterilizing treatments.Why consider fertility before starting cancer treatment?Certain cancer treatments, known as gonadotoxic therapies, can damage the ovaries or testes, leading to a reduction or complete loss of fertility.In girls and young women: This can cause premature ovarian insufficiency (POI).In boys and young women: This can permanently impair sperm production.Therefore, it is essential to address this issue as soon as diagnosis is confirmed, even when treating the disease is urgent. Timely consultation often helps preserve the chances of having a child in the future.The Oncofertility Care Pathway at H.U.BCancer diagnosis receivedReferral to the oncofertility team (by the general practitioner, oncologist, hematologist, pediatrician, etc.)Rapid consultation with our specialized teamAssessment of current fertility and treatment-related risksDiscussion of available optionsImplementation of preservation techniquesPersonalized follow-up after treatment Image A multidisciplinary team by your side At the Brussels University Hospital, a dedicated oncofertility team supports patients throughout their care pathway:Fertility and reproductive specialists (Brussels University Hospital Fertility Clinic)Lead oncologists and hematologistsEndocrinologistsPsychologistsClinical nurse coordinatorsReproductive biologistsWe work in close collaboration with the oncology teams at the Jules Bordet Institute and the pediatric teams at the Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital (HUDERF) to ensure therapeutic priorities are respected while integrating fertility preservation whenever possible.Our specialists Image Dr. Margherita CONDORELLI  Languages: French, Italian, English Prendre rendez-vous Image Dr. Isabelle DEMEESTERE Languages: French, english Prendre rendez-vous Image Dr. David PENINGLanguages: French, Dutch, English Prendre rendez-vous What options are available for fertility preservation? For Girls / Young Women1. Oocyte Cryopreservation (Egg Freezing)Target Audience: Post-pubertal young women (who have started their periods).Procedure: Following hormonal stimulation lasting approximately ten days (similar to an in vitro fertilization protocol), the ovaries produce multiple oocytes. These are then retrieved via ultrasound-guided needle aspiration under light anesthesia and subsequently cryopreserved.Feasibility: Possible if the initiation of cancer treatment can be deferred by 2 to 3 weeks.2. Embryo CryopreservationTarget Audience: Of-age young women in a stable relationship or with a partner, wishing to create embryos.Procedure: Following ovarian stimulation, the retrieved oocytes are fertilized with the partner's (or a donor's) sperm to create embryos, which are then cryopreserved.Key Consideration: Requires a clearly defined, mutual parental project.3. Ovarian Tissue CryopreservationTarget Audience: Pre-pubertal girls or young women for whom hormonal stimulation is contraindicated or not feasible.Procedure: A minor surgical procedure (typically laparoscopy) is performed to biopsy or remove part of an ovary. This tissue is then cryopreserved. It can later be autotransplanted to restore natural ovarian function or enable pregnancy.Advantage: Can be performed on very short notice, without waiting for the menstrual cycle.4. Ovarian Suppression During ChemotherapyTarget Audience: Post-pubertal young women.Procedure: Medications known as GnRH agonists (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone analogues) are administered to induce a temporary medical menopause, effectively putting the ovaries "at rest" during treatment. This is not a standalone fertility preservation method but can help mitigate gonadotoxic damage.Limitations: Less effective than cryopreservation techniques, but serves as a useful adjuvant therapy. For Boys / Young Men1. Sperm Cryopreservation (Semen Banking)Target Audience: Post-pubertal young men.Procedure: Prior to commencing treatment, one or more semen samples are collected (via masturbation) and subsequently cryopreserved.Advantage: Simple, rapid, and non-invasive. Cryopreserved sperm can be stored long-term for several years.2. Testicular Tissue CryopreservationTarget Audience: Pre-pubertal boys (who do not yet produce mature spermatozoa).Procedure: A minor surgical biopsy is performed to extract a small piece of testicular tissue containing spermatogonial stem cells. This tissue is then cryopreserved for future clinical use.Current Status: This method is currently classified as experimental but holds significant promise, particularly for very young patients.Selecting the Appropriate OptionThe clinical decision depends on several variables:The patient’s age and pubertal statusThe specific diagnosis and type of cancerThe clinical urgency to initiate oncological treatmentThe preferences and wishes of the child/adolescent and their familyPotential medical contraindicationsOur multidisciplinary team is here to support you at every stage, explaining the available options, answering your questions, and coordinating care to ensure the timeliest management possible. complementary information Contact Are you about to start a potentially gonadotoxic treatment? Are you unsure whether your treatment could impact your fertility?Contact our Oncofertility specialists by phone without delay!To arrange a sperm cryopreservation for a patient, please contact us by phone at +32(0)2 555 31 95.For any additional, non-urgent inquiries, you can contact us by email at Oncofertilite [dot] FIV [at] hubruxelles [dot] be (Oncofertilite[dot]FIV[at]hubruxelles[dot]be.)

What is multiple sclerosis? (MS) Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord). It occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks myelin, a substance that surrounds and protects nerve fibres. This damage disrupts the transmission of nerve signals, causing various neurological symptoms. MS is described as an “autoimmune disease” because it results from an inappropriate immune response against the body’s own tissues. Symptoms and prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis in Belgium Common symptomsThe symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) vary depending on the areas of the nervous system affected. They may include:Severe fatigue: often disproportionate to the level of activity.Visual disturbances: blurred or double vision, or partial loss of vision.Numbness or tingling: particularly in the limbs.Motor difficulties: muscle weakness, coordination or balance problems.Cognitive problems: memory or concentration difficulties.Pain: particularly neuropathic pain (burning sensations, electric shocks).Spasticity: involuntary muscle stiffness.Urinary problems: frequent or urgent need to urinate, or difficulty emptying the bladder.Bowel dysfunctionSexual dysfunctionThese symptoms may occur in relapses (periods of worsening) followed by remissions (partial or complete improvements), or may progress slowly over time.Prevalence in BelgiumIn Belgium, it is estimated that approximately 15,000 people live with MS, corresponding to a prevalence of 127 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The disease mainly affects young adults, with an average age at diagnosis of between 20 and 40 years, and predominantly affects women (approximately 73% of cases).  Diseases associated with MS Diseases associated with anti-MOG antibodies (Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein) are a rare condition closely related to multiple sclerosis (MS) that also affects the myelin. In this disease, the immune system produces antibodies against a protein called MOG, which is present in myelin. This can cause symptoms similar to those of MS, but the mechanism is different, and the treatment must be different as well.Neuromyelitis optica (or NMO) is a rare inflammatory disease of the nervous system in which the immune system primarily attacks the nerves of the eyes (optic nerves) and the spinal cord. This can lead to vision loss, eye pain, limb weakness or sensory disturbances. Early diagnosis and appropriate management can often help limit relapses and their after-effects. How is Multiple Sclerosis treated? Medical management of Multiple SclerosisDiagnosisThe diagnosis of MS is based on a set of examinations:Assessment of symptoms and clinical examinationBlood tests: used to distinguish MS from other diseases that may “mimic” itMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) : used to visualise lesions (or “plaques”) in the brain and spinal cord.Lumbar puncture: analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to detect signs of inflammation.Ophthalmological examination: used to detect damage to the optic nerve or paresis of the cranial nerves, which may manifest as double vision.  Evoked potentials : tests measuring the conduction speed of the nerve signals involved in strength and sensation in the arms and legs (motor and somatosensory evoked potentials), vision (visual evoked potentials), and hearing (auditory and brainstem evoked potentials). TreatmentsThere is currently no cure for multiple sclerosis, but several treatments can slow the progression of the disease, reduce the frequency of relapses (episodes of symptoms), and relieve symptoms in daily life. These treatments fall into three main categories:Treatment of relapsesWhen a relapse occurs (sudden onset or worsening of symptoms), the doctor may prescribe:•    Corticosteroids (powerful anti-inflammatory medicines), administered by infusion or sometimes as tablets.Their role is to rapidly reduce inflammation in the nervous system and accelerate recovery. Disease-modifying treatmentsThese treatments are taken over the long term, even between relapses. Their aims are to:•    Reduce the number of relapses,•    Limit the progression of disability,•    Slow the progression of lesions in the brain and spinal cord (visible on MRI).There are several types of disease-modifying medicines, administered as tablets, injections or infusions. The choice depends on the type of MS, the level of disease activity, possible side effects and the patient’s lifestyle. Symptomatic treatmentsMS can cause various symptoms over time, which can be relieved with appropriate treatments:•    Fatigue: management through rehabilitation, lifestyle and activity pacing, and sometimes medicines.•    Spasticity (muscle stiffness): management through rehabilitation and medicines such as baclofen or Sativex® (oral spray).•    Neuropathic pain: specific medicines (antiepileptic medicines or antidepressants used for pain relief).•    Urinary, sexual or digestive problems: depending on the case, medicinal or rehabilitation options are available.•    Anxiety and depressive disorders: psychological support and appropriate treatments.•    Cognitive disorders: neuropsychological support and, sometimes, cognitive rehabilitation.Regular physical activity is particularly important. If necessary, the patient may benefit from physiotherapy support.These treatments help improve quality of life on a daily basis, even when the disease is present. Long-term medical follow-up MS is a complex disease that can affect several aspects of health. This is why its management requires a multidisciplinary team tailored to each patient, including:Neurologists: coordinate treatment and monitor the progression of the disease.Specialist nurses: provide therapeutic education and day-to-day support.Physiotherapists and occupational therapists: help maintain mobility and prevent complications.Psychologists: support patients in managing the emotional impact of the disease.Neuropsychologists: assess cognitive abilities (memory, attention, language and executive functions), adapt follow-up and provide daily-life advice (work, studies and personal-life organisation), and sometimes implement cognitive rehabilitation.Social workers: assess the need for assistance at home.In addition to these healthcare professionals, other specialists may be involved:Infectious disease specialists: Before initiating a disease-modifying treatment, the infectious disease specialist ensures that there is no active infection and that vaccinations are up to date.Ophthalmologists: MS can cause visual disorders such as a sudden decrease in vision in one or both eyes (optic neuritis) or double vision (diplopia). The ophthalmologist can detect these disorders using examinations such as a fundus examination, visual-field testing or optical coherence tomography (OCT), and can therefore offer appropriate care.Urologists. Approximately 70 to 80% of people with MS experience urinary problems at some point: an urgent or frequent need to urinate, difficulty completely emptying the bladder, or recurrent urinary tract infections. The urologist assesses bladder function, often using an examination called a urodynamic assessment, adapts treatments (medication, catheterisation techniques and nerve stimulation), and offers care that respects the patient’s quality of life.Gynaecologists. In women with MS, certain gynaecological issues require particular attention: the impact of MS or its treatments on the menstrual cycle, contraception suited to certain treatments, pregnancy (MS does not prevent women from having a child, but requires specific monitoring before, during and after pregnancy), and sexual disorders related to the disease. In liaison with the neurologist, the gynaecologist helps ensure comprehensive follow-up of women’s health.Dermatologists: The dermatologist checks for any possible skin-related side effects associated with certain disease-modifying treatments.Neurorehabilitation specialists: This team participates in the rehabilitation and functional readaptation of patients experiencing problems with motor function, manual dexterity, coordination, balance or walking.The Pain Clinic: The team assesses and treats pain with the support of a multidisciplinary team.Neuroradiologists: The radiologist plays an essential role in the initial diagnosis of MS and in monitoring disease progression. Using MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), the radiologist identifies “plaques” (inflammatory lesions in the brain and spinal cord), which are characteristic of MS.The H.U.B MS Clinic offers integrated, personalised and innovative multidisciplinary care for all patients diagnosed with MS. What care is available for children with multiple sclerosis? For patients under 18, specific paediatric care is provided. This care takes into account the specific features of the condition, particularly from a clinical perspective, as well as its therapeutic aspects and follow-up. It also addresses the specific needs of a developing child, with particular attention to schooling, sports and extracurricular activities, as well as emotional and psychological aspects. This essential care helps to better respect the child’s pace, maturity in relation to treatment, and the expectations of children and their families. Find out more. Our specialists For patients over 18 years of age‘MS Expert’ neurologistsDr Sophie ELANDS (FR, NL, EN)Dr Serena BORRELLI (FR, EN, IT)RehabilitationDr Pierre CABARAUXDr Johanne GARBUSINSKIParamedical teamMs Francesca LOSURDO – PhysiotherapistMs Elsa DI FONTE – PhysiotherapistMr Corentin LOISON – PhysiotherapistMs Fabienne DEVEYLDER – Research coordinatorMs Christiane KITOKO – Research coordinatorMs Sarah EL HAJJ – Research coordinator Contact the Multiple Sclerosis Clinic For patients under 18Dr Audrey Van Hecke – Paediatric neurologist HUDERF (coordinating physician)Baijot Simon – NeuropsychologistDr Lhoir – OphthalmologistDr Slegers – CardiologistDr El Nemnom – DermatologistDr Preziosi – RadiologistDr Lombardo – Physical medicineMs El Khaldi – Reference nurse for hospitalisation Contact the Neuropaediatrics Department at HUDERF

Pressure sores and their prevention Contrary to popular belief, pressure ulcers do not affect only older people. Anyone who is bedridden, confined to bed or hospitalised for a long period may be affected. It is therefore essential to screen for and prevent pressure ulcers, especially since these wounds are avoidable! Image What is a pressure ulcer? Pressure ulcers, also called pressure sores, are lesions of the skin and underlying tissues caused by prolonged pressure on an area of the body, often over pressure points (heels, sacrum, hips). They generally begin with persistent redness, progressing rapidly—sometimes within a few hours—to deep wounds if the pressure is not relieved and appropriate multidisciplinary care is not provided. Maceration, as well as malnutrition associated with prolonged immobility, worsens their development. Without prompt intervention, they can cause severe pain and serious wounds, and may require complex, intensive and prolonged hospitalisation. Image How can the development of a pressure ulcer be prevented? There are several early warning signs to watch for to prevent pressure sores from developing or worsening:Redness that does not disappear when the skin is pressed gently: this is reversible, but action must be taken quickly!Localised pain or discomfort, even if the skin appears intact.These signs can progress rapidly. If in doubt, it is essential to alert a nurse or doctor immediately. “Every repositioning, even the slightest, matters: changing position, moving a limb, adjusting a cushion… These are simple actions that can make all the difference,” explains Agathe Ducrocq.Here are some good practices to follow to prevent pressure sores from developing:Regular repositioning (every 2 or 3 hours)Use of appropriate preventive surfaces (mattresses, pressure-relieving cushions, sheets, clothing, etc.)Daily monitoring of the skin in areas at riskSkin hygiene and hydration (particularly in cases of incontinence or hot weather)Monitoring of nutritional intake and hydrationShared communication and vigilance between carers and healthcare professionalsIn hot weather, it is necessary to cool the patient and change the bedding. This prevents maceration and ensures greater patient comfort. Download our guide How can the worsening of a pressure ulcer be prevented? Do you think your loved one is developing a pressure ulcer? Don’t panic! The important thing is to act quickly to prevent the pressure ulcer from potentially worsening.To do so, call without delay:Your home nurse (if they are already involved in your care, they are the first person to notify)Your general practitionerYour pharmacist (trained to provide guidance) In the event of a deep wound or deterioration in general condition: call the emergency servicesGeneral number: 112H.U.B Emergency Department: +32 (0)2 555 34 02 or 34 05)An assessment will make it possible to:Determine whether or not it is in fact a pressure ulcerDefine the stage of progression of the pressure ulcerAdapt the care, equipment and positioningPut coordinated care in place (nurse, physiotherapist, doctor)You are not responsible for this situation. You are doing your best. And you are not alone—we are here to help you. The H.U.B Pressure Ulcer Screening and Prevention Group (GDPE) GDPE was created in 2023. It is a multidisciplinary group, established through the quality unit, bringing together nurses, occupational therapists, physiotherapists, doctors, the care support team and dietitians. Our aim is to provide the necessary resources and reach as many people as possible so that pressure-ulcer prevention and screening become second nature, whether you are a doctor, nurse, nursing assistant or carer! Contact the GDPE Resources and useful links Whether you are a caregiver or a healthcare professional, the Pressure Ulcer Screening and Prevention Group provides you with useful resources to prevent the development of a pressure ulcer or stop it from worsening, both in hospital and at home. Of course, if in doubt, do not hesitate to consult a healthcare professional specialising in the management of this type of wound. [BROCHURE] Pressure ulcer prevention for patients and caregivers [MEMO] Pressure sore prevention – The right things to do FAQ about pressure ulcers 1. Who can develop pressure sores? Pressure sores can affect anyone who remains in the same position for a long time without moving: people who are bedridden, wheelchair users, hospitalised patients or older people. However, they can also affect younger people in the event of temporary loss of mobility. 2. What causes pressure ulcers? Pressure sores are caused by prolonged pressure on certain areas of the body, such as the heels, buttocks or back, but also on less well-known areas, such as behind the ears (glasses, masks), inside the nostrils (tubes), under the arms or between skin folds. This pressure blocks blood circulation, damaging the skin and the underlying tissues. Moisture, friction or poor nutrition can also increase the risk. Overall vigilance is therefore essential, even for small areas of contact. 3. What are the 4 stages of pressure ulcers? Stage 1: Persistent redness of the skin (still reversible if addressed quickly).Stage 2: The skin is damaged, sometimes with a blister or a superficial wound.Stage 3: The wound becomes deeper, affecting the tissues beneath the skin.Stage 4: Severe lesions that may affect muscles, tendons or even bones.Action must be taken from the first stage to prevent the patient from developing a rapid and painful infection that could require prolonged (re-)hospitalisation. 4. Do pressure sores heal? Yes, provided they are treated promptly and correctly. The earlier they are detected, the faster the recovery. Advanced stages require specialised care (wound care and plastic surgery) and may take much longer to heal. 5. Is a bedsore dangerous? Yes, especially if it is left untreated. A pressure ulcer can become infected, cause severe pain, lead to serious complications and hospitalisation. This is why prevention and regular monitoring are so important.

What is a congenital heart disease? Congenital heart disease is a malformation of the heart or great vessels that is present from birth. These defects develop during pregnancy. They vary greatly in form, some being slight and passing unnoticed and others requiring medical or surgical treatment from the first days of life.   Today, thanks to medical progress, most children with congenital heart disease grow and mature into adults. As a result, congenital heart disease  has been transformed into a condition that, for some people, requires   lifelong monitoring. Types of congenital heart diseaseMain types of congenital heart diseaseA distinction can be made between different categories of heart defects at birth:1. “Abnormal holes and communications in the heart”These are abnormal openings or communications between the heart chambers that should not be present Atrial septal defect (ASD): a small hole between the two atria (upper chambers).Ventricular septal defect (VSD): hole between the two ventricles (lower chambers).Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) : a more extensive defect that affects the atria, ventricles and valves.  Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) : a small tube that normally connects the heart and lungs during pregnancy fails to close  after birth.Anomalous pulmonary venous connection: the veins that transport oxygenated blood from the lungs are not connected correctly.2. Valve defects and  “shrinkages”The heart valves function as “doors” that regulate the flow of blood. These can have malformations. In the case of a stenosis the blood flows with difficulty because a valve or vein is too narrow.  Ebstein’s anomaly : the tricuspid valve (between the right atrium and ventricle) is displaced or functions badly.Valvular dysplasia: a valve is malformed and does not close properly.Pulmonary stenosis : a narrowing of the output to the lungs.Aortic stenosis: narrowing of the exit to the aorta (the great artery that brings blood to the body).Coarctation of the aorta: a section of the aorta is too narrow.3. Malformations that result in poor oxygenation (cyanosis)As a result of these malformations the blood is insufficiently oxygenated, which can result in bluish lips.Tetralogy of Fallot : a combination of 4 abnormalities that interfere with the circulation.Transposition of the great vessels (TGV or TGA):  the two great arteries are “inverted”, which causes the blood to flow to the wrong place.  Common arterial trunk: rather than having two exits (one for the lungs, one for the body) there is just one artery that exits the heart.Pulmonary atresia : the valve  that allows the blood to flow to the lungs is absent or under-developed.4. Malformations with a single functioning ventricle:Triscupid atresia: the triscupid valve and right ventricle are too small.Hyposplastic left heart syndrome: part of the left side of the heart is too small and does not function properly.Single ventricle: the heart functions with just one main chamber rather than two.Remember:Some heart disease is simple and benign (such as a small hole that closes by itself).  In other cases it is more complex and surgery is needed in the first days of life.Depending on the situation, monitoring may be necessary beyond the paediatric period and into adulthood.  The good news is that thanks to medical progress most children with congenital  heart disease grow up to become adults leading an active life.   What are the symptoms of a congenital heart disease? Symptoms vary depending on type and severity:Shortness of breath, especially when eating or during exercise;Unusual tiredness;Weight gain or growth retardation in children;Bluish tinge to the lips, skin and nails (cyanosis);  Frequent respiratory infections;Palpitations or irregular heart beat.Some malformations remain silent and are only discovered during a medical examination.  Prevalence in BelgiumApproximately 8 in 1,000 births or close to 800 new cases a year.Today more than 90 % of affected children survive into adulthood thanks to medical and surgical progress.It is estimated that  more than  50,000 adults in Belgium are living with congenital heart disease, making it a major public health issue.  How are congenital heart diseases treated? Care at the Brussels University Hospital1. Paediatric medicinePrenatal diagnosis: some abnormalities are detected before birth thanks to foetal ultrasounds.  At birth and during childhood : children are  monitored by specialised paediatric cardiologists.Care can include:Medical treatment to assist the heart or correct an irregular heartbeat;Heart surgery (sometimes in the first days of life) ;Catheter interventions (placing of stents, closure of cardiac communications, dilatations, etc.) ;Development monitoring (growth, diet, schooling, physical activity).PhysiotherapyPsychological and social support2. Transition to adult medical careIn adolescence, a process of transition is put into place.Objectives:To prepare the young person to manage their illness and treatment ;To help them understand their medical history and the importance of long-term monitoring of their condition;To organise the progressive move from paediatric monitoring to an adult team specialised in congenital heart disease.This stage is crucial to avoid any interruption in the  monitoring, which is frequent in adolescence, and to reduce complications in adulthood.  3. Adult medical careAdults with congenital heart disease require regular monitoring with check-ups at specialised centres (often known as   GUCH – Grown-Up Congenital Heart disease clinics). The care includes:Lifelong monitoring: echocardiograms, cardiac MRI, electrocardiograms, regular check-ups;Adapted treatment: medicine, surgery or catheter interventions if necessary;  management of heartbeat conditionsPrevention of complications : heartbeat problems, cardiac insufficiency, pulmonary hypertension, infectious endocarditis;Genetic counselling and assessment of risk of recurrence for future generationsMonitoring and evaluation of complications for pulmonary circulationEveryday life: advice regarding sport, work, travel, contraception and pregnancy;Psychological and social support : support for living with a chronic disease.The H.U.B provides comprehensive care and a full range of treatment drawing on its expertise in heart failure and transplants, evaluating pulmonary circulation, cardiogenetics, rhythmology, interventional cardiology and heart surgery. This range of treatment makes the HUB a Belgian reference centre for congenital heart disease.   Your specialists At the Erasme HospitalProf. Antoine BondueCardiogenetics and adult congenital heart diseaseHead of the H.U.B. Department of CardiologyDr. Marielle MorissensCardiologist Adult Congenital Heart DiseaseProf. Jean-Luc Vachiery Pulmonary circulation and heart failureHead of Clinic Prof. Ana RoussoulièresHeart failure and transplantsDr. Renaud DendievelInterventional CardiologyPrendre rendez-vous Tél.: +32 (0)2 555 39 60 email : Cons [dot] Cardio [dot] erasme [at] hubruxelles [dot] be (Cons[dot]Cardio[dot]erasme[at]hubruxelles[dot]be)   À l’HUDERF Prof. Françoise VermeulenIntegrated Paediatrics and Adolescent MedicineDr Nicolas Arribard Paediatric cardiologistHead of the Department of Paediatrics Dr Hugues Dessy  Pediatric cardiologistSpecialized in prenatal diagnosisHead of the Pediatric Cardiology Department at HUDERFProf. Pierre WauthyCongenital heart surgery To make an appointmentTel.: +32 (0)2 477 31 79  email : Call2 [dot] Accueil [dot] huderf [at] hubruxelles [dot] be (Call2[dot]Accueil[dot]huderf[at]hubruxelles[dot]be)   Discover the HUDERF Department of Paediatric Cardiology FAQ about congenital heart disease 1. Is congenital heart disease always serious? No. It can be benign and require no more than light and sometimes temporary monitoring during childhood. In other cases long-term monitoring is essential and perhaps surgery.  2. Can congenital heart disease be prevented? In most cases not as it often depends on complex factors. There are nevertheless situations in which hereditary plays a major role. Good preparation for the pregnancy and early identification of any hereditary factor reduces certain risks (genetic counselling,  administration of folic acid, regular medical monitoring, no alcohol or smoking). 3. Is congenital heart disease hereditary? Not always but in some cases yes. In the majority of cases congenital heart disease is an isolated case, occurring without any known family history.  It results from a complex combination of factors: environmental during the pregnancy (for example: viral infections such as rubella, the taking of certain medicine, alcohol consumption, poorly managed diabetes); and sometimes genetic factors (chromosomal or gene abnormalities or genetic variants that appear in the child or are inherited from the parents). At present a genetic element is identifiable in around 30% of cases, with a varying implication or severity depending on the situation:  transmission of the responsible genetic traits in the family (several members of the same family affected but often to a variable degree)); genetic syndromes (e.g.: Down’s syndrome, DiGeorge syndrome, Noonan syndrome, etc.). 4. If my child is born with congenital heart disease what is the risk that my future children will also be born with heart disease? If a child is born with congenital heart disease the risk of a brother or sister being born with the same condition is higher than for the general population (often between 2% and 6% but it can be higher depending on the type of malformation and family history). This risk justifies genetic counselling depending on the situation and sometimes specific monitoring during subsequent pregnancies (targeted foetal ultrasound or preimplantation ultrasound). 5. If a parent (father or mother) has congenital heart disease is there a risk for the children? Yes, the risk is slightly higher than for the general population. Depending on the type of malformation this is between 2% and 10%. The risk is generally a little higher if it is the mother with congenital heart disease. This risk justifies a foetal heart ultrasound  during the pregnancy for early screening for any malformation. In some cases genetic counselling will be proposed prior to pregnancy. 6. Can children with congenital heart disease live a normal life? In most cases, yes. They will go to school, play, and grow but must follow the medical recommendations and have regular check-ups. In some cases there will be a need for adapted or specialised education.    7. Can congenital heart disease be cured? A congenital heart disease is almost never “completely cured” once and for all. Even after successful surgery, complications or reinterventions can occur in adulthood. This is why a proper transition from pediatric to adult care is essential for continuity of follow-up. 8. Can a woman with congenital heart disease get pregnant? In many cases, yes. But with specialised monitoring. Some situations require increased monitoring and in rare cases a woman may be advised against pregnancy.    Useful links / Resources Belgian Heart League Belgian Society of Cardiology – Belgian working group on adult congenital heart… European Society of Cardiology – Congenital Heart Disease section PRESS RELEASR - Congenital heart disease: continuity of care, from childhood to…

What is lung cancer? Lung cancer is a disease in which certain cells in the lungs grow and multiply uncontrollably, forming a mass called a tumor.There are two main types of lung cancer:• Non-small cell lung cancer (most common, about 80% of cases).• Small cell lung cancer (less common, but more aggressive).Prevalence in BelgiumLung cancer is one of the most common cancers in Belgium.About 9,000 new cases are diagnosed each year.It is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the country.The main risk factor is smoking, but others exist: exposure to radon, air pollution, passive smoking, family history.SymptomsPersistent or changing coughCoughing up bloodChest pain or shortness of breathHoarsenessUnexplained weight loss, fatigueRecurrent lung infections (bronchitis, pneumonia) Having these symptoms does not necessarily mean cancer, but it’s important to see a doctor if they persist. Medical Management of Lung Cancer 1. ScreeningRoutine screening for lung cancer is not yet widespread in Belgium.Studies are underway to offer targeted screening to high-risk individuals (e.g., heavy smokers).2. DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on:Medical imaging: chest CT scan, PET scan, MRIBronchoscopy (allows direct visualization and tissue sampling)Biopsy: confirms cancer by analyzing cells3. TreatmentTreatment depends on the cancer type, stage, and overall health.It may include:Surgery: removal of the tumor when possibleRadiotherapy: using radiation to destroy cancer cellsChemotherapy: drugs that kill cancer cellsTargeted therapy: acts on specific genetic mutations of the tumorImmunotherapy: stimulates the immune system to fight cancer4. Follow-upRegular follow-up is essential:Clinical and imaging check-upsManagement of side effectsPsychological, nutritional, and respiratory support Learn more about lung cancer care at the H.U.B. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) over lung cancer 1. Does lung cancer only affect smokers? No. Smoking is the main cause, but 10–15% of patients have never smoked. 2. What are the early warning signs? Persistent cough, shortness of breath, coughing up blood, unexplained weight loss. 3. Can lung cancer be detected early? Yes, in theory, but there is no official screening program yet in Belgium.If you have symptoms or are a smoker, consult a doctor. 4. What are the survival rates? They vary depending on the stage—earlier detection improves outcomes. 5. Does quitting smoking reduce the risk even after years of smoking? Yes, quitting significantly lowers the risk, even after many years. 6. Is lung cancer hereditary? There may be genetic predispositions, but smoking remains the main risk factor. 7. Are the tests painful? Most tests, like CT and PET scans, are painless. Biopsies can be slightly uncomfortable but are performed under local anesthesia. 8. Can I live normally during treatment? It depends on the treatment type and side effects, but tailored medical support helps maintain quality of life. 9. What are the side effects of lung cancer treatments? They vary greatly by therapy but are increasingly well managed. 10. Where can I find support? Patient associations, specialized psychologists, and hospital support teams can help. Resources and useful links about lung cancer Whether you’ve been diagnosed or suspect lung cancer, you’re not alone. Here are reliable sources and support groups to help you understand and manage the disease: [ORGANIZATION] Foundation against Cancer (in French) [ORGANIZATION] All.Can (information and myth-busting about lung cancer) [ORGANIZATION] Tabacstop (in French) [PATIENT ASSOCIATION] ALK Positive Belgium (ALK+ lung cancer patients) [PATIENT ASSOCIATION] PROLONG Belgium (lung cancer and mesothelioma) (in French) [ORGANIZATION] Belgian Lung Foundation

What is colorectal cancer? Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers, but it can be prevented or detected at an early stage through regular screening and endoscopic removal of polyps. These procedures help prevent progression to invasive cancer. If you are concerned about screening or an endoscopic procedure, our department specializes in personalized care. A medical prescription may be required before making an appointment. How is colorectal cancer managed? Our department offers cutting-edge expertise in the screening and endoscopic treatment of colorectal polyps and cancers. We perform diagnostic colonoscopies and advanced endoscopic resections, including polypectomy, mucosectomy, ESD (endoscopic submucosal dissection), and full-thickness resection (FTRD). Our multidisciplinary teams include gastroenterologists, digestive surgeons, and oncologists, ensuring comprehensive and coordinated care.We also specialize in the follow-up of high-risk patients (family or personal history) and in supporting treatments after diagnosis. Our modern equipment guarantees precise and safe procedures, minimizing complications and promoting rapid recovery.Regular screening is recommended from the age of 50, or earlier in case of family history. Consult a physician in case of rectal bleeding, persistent abdominal pain, or changes in bowel habits. In case of acute symptoms (severe pain or obstruction), urgent care is required. Discover the Digestive Oncology Department of H.U.B Colorectal cancer: which scientific and medical innovations at H.U.B? Our department has implemented quality monitoring of our examinations (rate of good bowel preparation, caecal intubation rate, adenoma detection rate). This is published in each report. We participate in research projects on innovative endoscopic techniques, such as ESD, and on optimizing colorectal cancer screening (artificial intelligence). We are also certified for organized screening, guaranteeing high-quality care. Our Contributions to Scientific Research As members of a leading academic hospital, our healthcare professionals conduct scientific research projects to advance medicine and continuously improve the quality of care provided to patients. View the list of our scientific publications

What is slow digestion? Slow digestion, or gastroparesis, is a disorder characterized by delayed gastric emptying. It can cause symptoms such as nausea, bloating, early satiety, or abdominal pain. This condition may be related to underlying diseases such as diabetes or may appear without an apparent cause. Erasme Hospital offers innovative solutions to improve gastric emptying and reduce symptoms. Slow digestion: what medical care is available at H.U.B? The Gastroenterology Department of Erasme Hospital offers an advanced approach to treating slow digestion, combining precise diagnosis with modern therapeutic options. Among innovative treatments, Botox injection into the pylorus helps relax the muscle and speed up the passage of food. Another alternative is the G-POEM procedure (Gastric Per-Oral Endoscopic Myotomy), which involves partially cutting the pyloric muscle to sustainably improve gastric emptying.Our multidisciplinary team, composed of gastroenterologists, radiologists, dietitians, and physiotherapists, provides personalized follow-up for each patient to optimize outcomes and improve quality of life.Patients suffering from slow digestion can improve their digestive comfort by adopting certain habits: choosing smaller, more frequent meals, preferring easily digestible foods, and chewing food thoroughly. Regular hydration and light physical activity, such as walking after meals, can also help. If symptoms persist, a medical consultation is recommended. Discover the Gastroenterology Department of H.U.B Slow digestion: what scientific and medical innovations are available at H.U.B? Erasmus Hospital is a reference center for research on digestive motility disorders. Our teams participate in clinical studies on innovative treatments such as Botox and G-POEM to optimize their effectiveness and develop new approaches. Our goal is to offer patients effective and minimally invasive solutions to improve their digestive comfort. Our Contributions to Scientific Research As members of a leading academic hospital, our healthcare professionals conduct scientific research projects to advance medicine and continuously improve the quality of care provided to patients. View the list of our scientific publications

What is high blood pressure? Blood pressure expresses the pressure exercised by the blood on the artery walls.  When it is too high we speak of high blood pressure, a silent condition that affects about 2.5 million people in Belgium. Often without symptoms, it is nevertheless a key factor in cardiovascular risk. When combined with elements such as being overweight, diabetes or a sedentary lifestyle, it increases significantly the risk of serious complications or even premature death. High blood pressure can also damage vital organs such as the heart, kidneys and eyes. Care At the Erasmus Hospital, the treatment of high blood pressure rests on a multidisciplinary and individualised approach. Our dedicated medical team of cardiologists, nephrologists, nutritionists, tobaccologists and internal medicine specialists provide comprehensive care and treatment. Each patient is given a thorough examination to assess their cardiovascular risk profile and possible damage to organs. This includes examinations such as ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM), targeted blood tests and cardiac or renal imaging tests if necessary. The treatment combines recommendations on lifestyle, such as adopting a balanced diet, regular physical activity and stopping smoking, with the prescribing of appropriate medicines if indicated.  Particular attention is paid to therapeutic education to assist patients in better understanding and managing their condition on a day-to-day basis. Thanks to our expertise and close cooperation between disciplines, the Erasmus Hospital offers optimal care and treatment designed to reduce complications and improve the quality of life of patients with high blood pressure. Advice High blood pressure requires special attention but simple lifestyle changes can help to better manage the condition. Adopt a balanced diet that is low in salt and saturated fats and favouring fruits if you are not diabetic and also vegetables and whole grains. Take regular physical activity and do not smoke or drink to excess. Consult your doctor for regular follow-up. It is important to act quickly if you experience symptoms such as severe headaches, dizziness, chest pain or breathlessness.  Image Research The Erasmus Hospital  is a reference centre  for treating high blood pressure thanks to a multidisciplinary team of cardiologists, nephrologists, endocrinologists, nutritionists and internal medicine specialists.  Some of our blood pressure experts are active members of recognised scientific societies, such as the  European Society for High Blood Pressure (ESH) and the Société Belge d’Hypertension (SBH). These affiliations allow our specialists to contribute actively to the latest progress in research and treatment, ensuring care at the leading edge of current scientific knowledge.  In cooperation with international partners, our teams undertake innovative clinical trials to improve treatment and develop advance monitoring methods such as ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM). Image Focus The Erasmus Hospital High Blood Pressure Clinic specialises in treating patients with high blood pressure. It proposes in-depth consultations, precise diagnosis using high-tech tools such as ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) and personalised follow-up. The clinic’s multidisciplinary approach draws on the expertise of cardiologists, nephrologists and endocrinologists, thereby guaranteeing optimal care and treatment.    Our specialists Related service

What is preimplantation genetic diagnosis? Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD or PGT) is a technique used to detect genetic abnormalities in an embryo created in vitro before implantation in the uterus. Earlier and less invasive than prenatal genetic testing, it offers couples carrying serious genetic disorders a significantly higher chance of having a child free from the targeted condition.PGD has been available at Erasmus Hospital since 1999 for chromosomal abnormalities and since 2004 for monogenic diseases. Aneuploidy screening, or PGT-A (Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidies), may also be offered to couples with a poor reproductive prognosis, as they are at increased risk of embryonic chromosomal abnormalities. This technique provides a complete molecular karyotype of the embryo, allowing the exclusion of abnormal, non-viable embryos and reducing time to pregnancy in this specific patient group.PGD allows embryo selection based on:Chromosomal content, including number and structure (balanced translocations, para- and pericentric inversions, deletions, duplications, or poor reproductive prognosis);Absence of abnormal genes, in carriers or patients affected by monogenic disorders such as cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease, muscular dystrophies, Huntington’s disease, polycystic kidney disease, or mutations predisposing to certain cancers (BRCA1, BRCA2, etc.);Embryo sex, in cases of X-linked diseases, with optional direct analysis of the X-chromosome mutation. Medical services AssessmentEach PGD request is reviewed during a multidisciplinary meeting involving gynecologists, geneticists, biologists, and psychologists. If approved and no technical development is required, an IVF-PGD cycle can be scheduled.For very small chromosomal abnormalities and all monogenic diseases, prior technical development is mandatory. Blood samples from the couple and sometimes close relatives are required. This step is essential to ensure reliable PGD analysis. Development time ranges from 1–3 months for common indications to 9 months or more for complex or rare cases.In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)To maximize the chances of transferable embryos, an adequate number of oocytes is required, obtained through controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Fertilization occurs in the Assisted Reproduction Laboratory using partner or donor sperm, followed by in vitro culture until biopsy.Biopsy is usually performed on day 5–7 (blastocyst stage). In rare cases requiring FISH, biopsy is done on day 3 (cleavage stage). One cell (cleavage) or 5–10 cells (blastocyst) are removed for genetic analysis.Cleavage-stage embryos remain in culture for potential fresh transfer on day 5. Blastocyst-stage embryos are cryopreserved while awaiting genetic results (maximum 6 weeks), and transfer is scheduled later.Genetic analysis techniquesPCR: DNA amplification for monogenic diseasesCGH-array (aCGH): full molecular karyotypingFISH: fluorescent in situ hybridization for rare small abnormalitiesSNP-array: genome-wide allele polymorphism detectionEmbryo transferOnly genetically unaffected embryos are transferred:Fresh transfer on day 5 after cleavage-stage biopsyFrozen-thawed transfer after blastocyst biopsy Advice Appointments and information:📞 +32 (0)2 555 64 32📧 DPI [dot] FIV [at] hubruxelles [dot] bePlease bring a complete medical file to your consultation. Focus PGD can also be used to:Detect cancer predisposition mutationsDetect late-onset disorders (e.g. Alzheimer’s disease)Exclude embryos without parental presymptomatic testingSelect HLA-compatible embryos for stem-cell transplantationPGD has been successfully applied to hundreds of genetic disorders. Success depends on maternal age, number of oocytes/embryos, disease type, and diagnostic efficiency. Additional IVF cycles may be required in some cases. Research The next technological objective is Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), allowing rapid, direct mutation detection without family studies, particularly useful for multiple genes or de-novo mutations. Our specialists PGD success relies on experience and teamwork. Our team has used this technology effectively for 25 years.Fertility Clinic – MAR (Medically Assisted Reproduction)Pr. Anne DELBAEREPr. Fabienne DEVREKERDr. Isabelle DUPONDDr. Asma SASSIPGD Coordinator: Mme Chantal Deleau : +32 (0)2 555 64 32, mail : DPI [dot] FIV [at] hubruxelles [dot] be (DPI[dot]FIV[at]hubruxelles[dot]be) Technical Coordinator: Mr Eric Gonzalez-MerinoDepartment of GeneticsClinical Geneticists:Pr. Guillaume SMITSPr. Isabelle VANDERNOOTDr. Sandra COPPENSSenior Genetics Staff:Adeline BUSSON  Marie-Laure GRENET  Marie BRUNEAUAlice LE MORILLON 

What is a parental project involving sperm donation? In which cases am I concerned?If you are an infertile couple:The use of donor sperm may be considered in cases of total or almost total absence of spermatozoa, or to avoid the transmission of a genetic disease from a male carrier to his offspring.If you are a female couple:The use of donor sperm is a common option to start a family. This donation makes it possible to create a two-parent family unit and to carry and give birth to one or more children. For a second child, the same partner may carry the pregnancy, or the couple may choose to alternate.If you are a single woman:The decision to pursue single motherhood through sperm donation may result from life circumstances that made it difficult to build or maintain a stable relationship, or from concerns related to age and fertility.If you are hesitant to commit to solo motherhood, or if you are in a relatively new relationship, it is possible to undergo a fertility assessment.If you are under 38 years old, you also have the option to preserve your fertility by freezing your oocytes for future use (see the section on fertility preservation for “non-medical” reasons).Anonymous sperm donor or known (directed) sperm donor?In Belgium, anonymous donation is used in the majority of cases. The sperm comes from voluntary donors who are fertile, in good physical and mental health, and whose motivation aligns with the purpose and ethics of donation. These donors undergo genetic and serological testing beforehand to ensure optimal safety conditions for recipients.Donor anonymity is respected under Belgian law, even when sperm samples come from sperm banks outside Belgium.For infertile couples, the ethnic origin, physical characteristics, and blood group of the future father are considered when matching with a sperm donor.For female couples or single women, matching is based on ethnic origin. When the time comes, the Clinic selects the most appropriate donor.As we can, if necessary, work with other sperm banks offering equivalent safety guarantees, there is generally no waiting period. However, if a donor of “extra-European” origin or with a rare blood group is required, some waiting time may be necessary to find the best match.In terms of safety, regardless of whether the donation is anonymous or directed, only sperm that has been frozen and for which the donor has undergone serological testing at the time of freezing and/or six months later may be used, in order to prevent any risk of infection transmission.Regardless of the reason for donation, Belgian legislation limits the use of sperm from a single donor to six families. Once this “quota” is reached, the remaining sperm straws may still be used for a new pregnancy within these six families, provided that sperm samples are still available at the time of the request.Directed sperm donation, in which the donor is known, is permitted in Belgium. If you plan to receive sperm from a donor you have chosen, it is essential that the donor meets the psychological and medical criteria established by the clinic. Once the donation is made, Belgian law releases the donor from any parental obligation and stipulates that they will have no rights over the child. If you live in another country, the laws on parentage applicable in your country will apply. Medical services Psychological consultation(s)For any request involving the use of donor gametes, Belgian centers are legally required to offer a psychological consultation prior to donation.In our center, one to three psychological consultations are systematically scheduled before medical treatment begins. You will meet psychologists specialized in fertility, who work closely with your gynecologist to ensure multidisciplinary care. Particular attention is paid to issues specific to this mode of parenthood, especially those related to informing relatives and the child about the mode of conception.If, for ethical reasons, our center is unable to respond favorably to your request, we will provide you with all the necessary information to refer you elsewhere.Medical assessmentOnce patients decide to proceed after reflection, a standard preconception fertility blood work-up is prescribed for the future mother. The uterine cavity and tubal patency are assessed. Certain tests are also prescribed for the partner.Practical modalitiesDepending on the medical assessment of the person who will carry the pregnancy, intrauterine insemination with donor sperm is generally proposed as the first-line treatment.If other factors of female infertility are identified or in the case of repeated insemination failures, in vitro fertilization (IVF) may be proposed. Advice We recommend anticipating pregnancy follow-up by contacting in advance the gynecologist or midwife who will monitor your pregnancy, in order to share your assisted reproduction journey with them. Focus As a general rule, our team has set an age limit for single-parent projects between 30 and 45 years.In cases of ovarian insufficiency, egg donation combined with sperm donation (double donation) is also possible.Men who wish to become anonymous donors can be seen for an information-only consultation. Our specialized secretaries are also available to answer any questions.Possibility of using BEGECS for donor matching. Our specialists Associated servicesDepartment of Gynecology-Obstetrics / Fertility ClinicAll members of the MAR (Medically Assisted Reproduction) team manage requests for anonymous or directed sperm donation.For donor candidates:Dr. Isabelle DUPONDDr. Catherine HOUBADr Fabienne DEVREKER Psychology team:Chantale LaruelleIsabelle PlaceDenis Walravens 

What is egg donation? Egg donation has existed at Erasme Hospital since 1984 and has enabled thousands of women worldwide to become mothers. In Belgium, under the law on Medically Assisted Reproduction (MAR), requests are accepted up to the age of 45, and donation procedures can be carried out until the age of 47.In which cases am I concerned?Egg donation is proposed when infertility is due to very low egg quality despite the presence of menstrual cycles (ovarian insufficiency or failure), or when the ovaries no longer contain follicles and no longer function (menopause).Some patients choose egg donation to avoid transmitting a genetic disease to their offspring.Who are the donors?Women who voluntarily present themselves at Erasme or the Gametia egg bank.Women motivated by a close relative or friend in need of egg donation, who agree to donate their eggs to the Erasme MCH bank. The eggs, obtained after ovarian stimulation, are anonymously allocated to several women with the same indication. Their relatives may receive several anonymous consecutive donations. This is known as cross donation.Any woman requiring egg donation may register on a waiting list. However, most prefer to bring their own donor to reduce waiting time and costs and increase success rates.Directed donationDirected donation is also possible at the Fertility Clinic of Erasme Hospital. In this case, you receive eggs exclusively from your donor (sister, friend, cousin), when access to genetic origins is important to you.Anonymous donationAccording to Belgian law, anonymity is permanent. Even as an adult, the child will not be able to access the donor’s identity.Couples choose anonymous donation to clearly define the donor’s role and avoid biological or relational ties.Anonymous cross donation also allows repeated access to donated eggs, increasing pregnancy chances compared to directed or simple anonymous donation.Physical characteristics are recorded to ensure appropriate donor–recipient matching. Medical services Psychological assessment and supportDonor criteriaAnonymous donors: 20–34 years oldDirected donation: up to 38 years old, with at least one childMedical assessmentEvaluation of ovarian reserve (blood test and ultrasound)Gynecological assessment and explanation of treatmentGenetic consultation to exclude transmissible genetic disordersFor anonymous donation, all donors undergo carrier screening (over 1,000 rare but serious genetic conditions), also offered to recipient couples. This test is costly and requires 2–4 months.Belgian law requires a mandatory psychological interview prior to gamete donation to ensure motivation, informed consent, and absence of coercion.At least one psychological consultation is required, with optional ongoing support during treatment, pregnancy, or after birth.Treatment and success ratesDonors undergo controlled ovarian hyperstimulation similar to standard IVF cycles.Recipients receive estrogen and progesterone to prepare the endometrium. Treatment continues for three months if pregnancy occurs.Increasing scientific evidence supports embryo transfer in natural ovulatory cycles. In this case, embryos are frozen and transferred five days after ovulation.Pregnancy rates per attempt are generally higher than in conventional IVF. The main determining factor is donor age.What support is available?Psychological support addresses emotional distress related to infertility and MAR, while encouraging reflection focused on the future child.Specialized fertility psychologists work closely with gynecologists to provide comprehensive multidisciplinary care.Questions regarding disclosure to relatives and to the child receive particular attention.Fertidata A national Belgian application managed by Sciensano that limits the number of families per donor to six. Advice Anonymous cross donation offers the highest chance of pregnancy at lower cost but requires openness about infertility and acceptance of non-genetic parenthood. Our medical-psychological team can guide you through this process Focus Collaboration with Gametia egg bankPartnerships with Cryos and FertibankCompensation is provided to cover travel expenses and the consultation time required for the assessment and ovarian stimulation. Scientific research Embryo transfer in natural cyclesStudy on progesterone-induced endometrial luteinization without waiting for ovulation peak (Dr Amirgholami- Prof Delbaere)  Our specialists Cross egg donation is performed exclusively at Erasme in Belgium.Genetic matching available via Begecs.Associated ServicesAdministrative Contact: Linda GouinDepartment of Gynecology and ObstetricsPr. Anne DELBAEREPr. Fabienne DEVREKERDr. Soraya AMIRGHOLAMIDr. Catherine HOUBADr. Caroline LECOCQ PsychologistsDepartment of GeneticsGeneticists:Pr. Guillaume SMITSPr. Isabelle VANDERNOOTDr. Sandra COPPENSGenetics Supervisors:Adeline BUSSON  Marie-Laure GRENET  Marie BRUNEAUAlice LE MORILLON