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What are allergies? Image Does your child have a blocked nose, bouts of sneezing or itchy eyes? If so, they may be allergic to pollen or dust mites. Does your child have difficulty breathing, a persistent cough, or are they regularly diagnosed with bronchitis or bronchiolitis? If so, they may have asthma. Does your child consistently develop a skin reaction, bloating, abdominal pain or even more severe reactions after eating a particular food? If so, your child may have a food allergy or intolerance.Please do not hesitate to make an appointment with our Pneumology-Allergology (Pediatric) department if you think that one of these situations applies to you. Care management During the consultation, the doctor will first take a detailed medical history of your child’s health condition. Additional examinations may then be proposed, such as allergy tests (skin tests or measurement of antibodies in the blood), respiratory function tests (for children aged 6 and over) and oral challenge tests (more specifically for food or medication allergies). These tests help confirm the diagnosis or monitor the progression of your child’s condition. Finally, treatment and advice will be prescribed. Sometimes, opinions from other specialists (dietitians, dermatologists, ophthalmologists, ENT specialists, etc.) are requested to optimise your child’s care. Advice If you suspect a severe Food allergy or Severe asthma attack, go to the Emergency Department or see your general practitioner or paediatrician to receive initial treatment and advice. Unfortunately, waiting times for our consultations can sometimes be long; primary care doctors are there to support you while you wait for your first appointment in pneumology-allergology. Search At H.U.B, and more specifically at Erasme Hospital, we have developed expertise in the management of Food allergy. Your child will be seen in a joint Food Allergy consultation by the paediatric allergist and the dietitian specialising in allergology. We offer accurate and safe diagnoses of Food allergy so as not to impose an elimination diet if this is not necessary. To do this, we perform an oral food challenge in your child, offering them the food suspected of causing the allergy in increasing doses, in hospital, in order to identify allergic reactions and treat them appropriately. Indeed, skin tests and blood antibody measurements do not always make it possible to establish the diagnosis with certainty. This oral food challenge provides certainty.Once your child’s Food allergy diagnosis has been established, we can offer you reintroduction of the allergen at home, following a well-established protocol personalised to your child, in order to desensitise them to the allergy; the aim is therefore to make them no longer allergic to this food. Our specialists Associated services

Image Contact the Clinic for Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) Would you like to make an appointment with a specialist from the IBD clinic for yourself or one of your relatives?Contact us by telephone on +32 (0)2 555 35 04 or by email at: ibd [dot] erasme [at] hubruxelles [dot] be (ibd[dot]erasme[at]hubruxelles[dot]be)Would you like to make an appointment for an endoscopy with a specialist from the IBD clinic for yourself or one of your relatives?Contact us by telephone on +32 (0)2 555 3292 or by email at: ibd [dot] erasme [at] hubruxelles [dot] be (ibd[dot]erasme[at]hubruxelles[dot]be)Are you a patient with an administrative request (prescriptions, reimbursements, certificates, documents for insurance purposes or copies of medical records)?Contact our medical administration by telephone on +32 (0)2 555 5422 or by email at: ibd [dot] erasme [at] hubruxelles [dot] be (ibd[dot]erasme[at]hubruxelles[dot]be)Are you a doctor and would you like to obtain your patients’ medical results, refer a patient or request a (second) opinion?Contact our clinic by telephone on +32 (0)2 555 54 22 or by email at: ibd [dot] erasme [at] hubruxelles [dot] be (ibd[dot]erasme[at]hubruxelles[dot]be) Do you suffer from Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)? The Clinic for Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (MICI) or Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) provides care for all patients suffering from Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, unclassified colitis, lymphocytic/collagenous colitis, as well as coeliac disease, autoimmune diseases or intestinal vasculitis. Image Image Image Comprehensive care Several specialist consultations are being developed for the care of adolescents and pregnant or breastfeeding women, the screening of primary immunodeficiency syndromes in adults, and patients with coeliac disease or autoimmune enteritis. A multidisciplinary approach There is a high level of multidisciplinary collaboration in the care of patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease, particularly during a weekly meeting involving colorectal surgeons, radiologists, pathologists, rheumatologists and dermatologists (or ophthalmologists or specialists responsible for immunodeficiency syndromes). Discover the IBD Clinic at Erasme Hospital, H.U.B. Image Prof. Denis Franchimont, Director of the Clinic for Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases SpecialitiesChronic inflammatory bowel diseases.Screening for colon cancer and genetic screening for hereditary colon cancer syndromes.Diagnostic and therapeutic gastroscopy and colonoscopy.Upper gastrointestinal and anorectal endoscopic ultrasound.Resection of superficial colorectal tumours. Make an appointment with Prof. Franchimont A team of specialists by your side PhysiciansProf. Claire LiefferinckxProf. Anneline CremerProf. Leila AmininejadDr. Cagla Gulkilik Dr. Clémence VukovicProf. Denis Franchimont Coordination of studies and clinical trialsCharlotte Minsart, Doctor of Biomedical Sciences, PhD. Emma DescampsChloé HelmanClinic coordination nurseValérie WambacqDietitianPauline Van OuytselConsultantsDr. Vincent BouillonDr. Haydeh Vafa ZanjaniMedical secretaryGeorgiana Vilcinschi Make an appointment with Prof. Franchimont A clinic committed to research The clinic is involved in pharmaceutical clinical research (we have access to new molecules as part of international clinical trials), as well as translational and genetic research, particularly in collaboration with the BIRD (Belgium IBD Research Disease Group), the ECCO (European Crohn and Colitis Organisation) and the IIBDGC (International IBD Genetics Consortium).  In 2022, the clinic opened its translational research laboratory on the microbiota — The H.U.B Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Microbiota — where three doctors, one technician, two PhD students and one artificial intelligence engineer work. Our scientific publications In-depth study of monogenic primary immunodeficiency genes identifies rare XIAP variants in Crohn’s disease patients. Amininejad L, Charloteaux B, Theatre E, Dmitrieva J, Hayard P, Muls V, Maisin J-M, Schapira M, Ghislain J-M, Closset P, Talib M, Abramowicz M, Momozawa Y, Deffontaine V, Crins F, Mni M, Karim L, Cambisano N, Deviere J, Hugot J-P, De vos M, Louis E, Vermeire S, Van Gossum A, Coppieters W, Twizere J-C, Georges M, Franchimont D. Gastroenterology 2018 Jun;154(8):2165-2177 (I.F. 33) 01 June 2018 Risk of Development of More-advanced Lesions in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Dysplasia Cremer A, Demetter P, De Vos M, Rahier JF, Baert F, Moreels T, Macken E, Louis E, Ferdinande L, Fervaille C, Dedeurwaerdere F, Bletard N, Driessen A, De Hertogh G, Vermeire S, Franchimont D. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 13 June 2019. pii: S1542-3565(19)30645-7 13 June 2019 Collecting New Peak and Intermediate Infliximab Levels to Predict Remission in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Liefferinckx C, Bottieau J, Toubeau JF, Thomas D, Rahier JF, Louis E, Baert F, Dewint P, Pouillon L, Lambrecht G, Vallée F, Vermeire S, Bossuyt P, Franchimont D.  Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2022 Feb 1;28(2):208-217.  01 February 2022 Large-scale sequencing identifies multiple genes and rare variants associated with Crohn’s disease susceptibility . Sazonovs A, Stevens CR, Venkataraman GR, Yuan K, Avila B, Abreu MT, Ahmad T, Allez M, Ananthakrishnan AN, Atzmon G, Baras A, Barrett JC, Barzilai N, Beaugerie L, Beecham A, Bernstein CN, Bitton A, Bokemeyer B, Chan A, Chung D, Cleynen I, Cosnes J, Cutler DJ, Daly A, Damas OM, Datta LW, Dawany N, Devoto M, Dodge S, Ellinghaus E, Fachal L, Farkkila M, Faubion W, Ferreira M, Franchimont D, Gabriel SB, Ge T, Georges M, Gettler K, Giri M, Glaser B, Goerg S, Goyette P, Graham D, Hämäläinen E, Haritunians T, Heap GA, Hiltunen M, Hoeppner M, Horowitz JE, Irving P, Iyer V, Jalas C, Kelsen J, Khalili H, Kirschner BS, Kontula K, Koskela JT, Kugathasan S, Kupcinskas J, Lamb CA, Laudes M, Lévesque C, Levine AP, Lewis JD, Liefferinckx C, Loescher BS, Louis E, Mansfield J, May S, McCauley JL, Mengesha E, Mni M, Moayyedi P, Moran CJ, Newberry RD, O'Charoen S, Okou DT, Oldenburg B, Ostrer H, Palotie A, Paquette J, Pekow J, Peter I, Pierik MJ, Ponsioen CY, Pontikos N, Prescott N, Pulver AE, Rahmouni S, Rice DL, Saavalainen P, Sands B, Sartor RB, Schiff ER, Schreiber S, Schumm LP, Segal AW, Seksik P, Shawky R, Sheikh SZ, Silverberg MS, Simmons A, Skeiceviciene J, Sokol H, Solomonson M, Somineni H, Sun D, Targan S, Turner D, Uhlig HH, van der Meulen AE, Vermeire S, Verstockt S, Voskuil MD, Winter HS, Young J; Belgium IBD Consortium; Cedars- Sinai IBD; International IBD Genetics Consortium; NIDDK IBD Genetics Consortium; NIHR IBD BioResource; Regeneron Genetics Center; SHARE Consortium; SPARC IBD Network; UK IBD Genetics Consortium; Duerr RH, Franke A, Brant SR, Cho J, Weersma RK, Parkes M, Xavier RJ, Rivas MA, Rioux JD, McGovern DPB, Huang H, Anderson CA, Daly MJ. Nat Genet. 2022 Sep;54(9):1275-1283. 29 August 2022 Useful Resources and Links for Patients with Crohn’s Disease, Colitis and IBD Whether you have already been diagnosed or suspect that you may have IBD, we are here to support and inform you every step of the way. That is why we offer a series of resources (produced by doctors, researchers, patient associations and public health stakeholders) to help you better understand and manage your condition and identify support groups with which you can connect. ASSOCIATION – The Crohn-RCUH non-profit association seeks to meet the social an… ASSOCIATION – Belgian Coeliac Society PODCAST – IBD Today: The podcast dedicated to inflammatory bowel diseases FOUNDATION - BRIDGE - Brussels IBD Effort, a Network of ULB Hospitals FAQ on Crohn’s Disease and Colitis 1. What is Crohn’s disease? Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that can affect any part of the digestive tract, from the mouth to the anus. It is characterised by segmental inflammation and may lead to complications such as strictures or fistulas. 2. What are the differences between Crohn’s disease and other forms of colitis? Crohn’s disease affects the entire digestive tract, with discontinuous lesions.Ulcerative colitis (UC) affects only the colon and rectum, with continuous lesions.Infectious colitis is caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites and is generally temporary.Ischaemic colitis results from reduced blood flow to the colon.Microscopic colitis (lymphocytic and collagenous) is visible only under a microscope and causes chronic diarrhoea. 3. What are the main symptoms of Crohn’s disease? Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhoea (sometimes bloody), weight loss, fatigue, and sometimes fever. Extraintestinal manifestations, such as joint pain, skin rashes or eye problems, may also occur. 4. Is Crohn’s disease hereditary? There is a genetic predisposition: approximately 10 to 20% of people with inflammatory bowel disease have a close relative with IBD. However, other environmental and immune factors are necessary to trigger the disease. 5. How can Crohn’s disease be differentiated from infectious colitis? Infectious colitis is generally acute and caused by an identifiable infection (bacteria, viruses or parasites). Stool tests can confirm the infectious cause. Crohn’s disease, on the other hand, is chronic, with recurrent flare-ups and periods of remission. 6. What are the treatments for Crohn’s disease? Treatments include:Anti-inflammatory drugs (such as mesalazine or corticosteroids).Immunosuppressants (azathioprine, methotrexate).Biological therapies targeting specific molecules (anti-TNF, anti-IL-12/23, etc.).In the event of complications, surgery may be necessary to remove affected sections of the intestine. 7. Can Crohn’s disease cause serious complications? Yes, it can lead to:Strictures (narrowing of the intestines that can cause obstructions).Fistulas (abnormal connections between organs or the skin).Abscesses.Increased risk of colorectal cancer (in cases of prolonged inflammation). 8. What factors worsen colitis and Crohn’s disease? Stress and anxiety can exacerbate symptoms.Smoking particularly worsens Crohn’s disease.An unbalanced or irritating diet can intensify flare-ups. 9. Can diet prevent or cure colitis and Crohn’s disease? There is no diet capable of curing the disease, but certain dietary choices may alleviate symptoms. Low-residue or low-FODMAP diets are often used during flare-ups. A balanced diet is essential to prevent deficiencies. 10. How does one live with a chronic disease such as Crohn’s disease or colitis? With appropriate treatment, many patients can achieve remission and lead a normal life.It is important to maintain regular follow-up with a gastroenterologist.Taking part in support groups or associations can help manage the psychological impact of the disease. They support us

What are the causes of bleeding from the small intestine? The small intestine: What is it? The small intestine is the part of the intestine located between the duodenum and the colon (large intestine). It is responsible for absorbing nutrients and can reach several metres in length. It can be the source of gastrointestinal bleeding, a problem frequently encountered in gastroenterology.Bleeding from the small intestine can have various causes. The small intestine is the part of the digestive tract located between the stomach and the colon. Some causes are more common in older people, while others occur more frequently in young adults or children.Abnormalities of the blood vesselsThis is the most common cause.Angiodysplasias: small malformations of the blood vessels in the intestinal wall. These vessels are more fragile and may bleed spontaneously, particularly in older people.Arteriovenous malformations: abnormalities of blood circulation in which arteries and veins are directly connected, which may promote bleeding.Inflammatory bowel diseasesInflammation weakens the intestinal wall and may cause bleeding.Crohn’s disease: a chronic disease in which the immune system causes inflammation in certain parts of the digestive tract. This inflammation may lead to ulceration and bleeding.Enteritis: inflammation of the small intestine caused by an infection, certain medicines or the side effects of radiotherapy.Ulcers of the small intestineAn ulcer is a sore that forms in the intestinal wall.These ulcers may be caused by:prolonged use of anti-inflammatory medicines (such as ibuprofen or diclofenac);a reduction in the blood supply to the intestine (ischaemia);certain infections.TumoursBleeding may sometimes be linked to a tumour.Benign tumours: growths that are not cancerous, such as certain polyps.Malignant tumours (cancers): these may weaken the intestinal wall and cause bleeding.Meckel’s diverticulumMeckel’s diverticulum is a small pouch present on the intestine from birth. Most of the time, it causes no symptoms, but it may sometimes lead to bleeding, especially in children and young adults.MedicinesSome treatments do not directly cause bleeding but increase the risk when a lesion is already present.This is particularly the case with:anticoagulants, which thin the blood to prevent clots;antiplatelet medicines, which prevent platelets (cells involved in blood clotting) from clumping together.Rarer causesMore rarely, bleeding may be linked to:trauma to the intestine;ingestion of a foreign body;a clotting disorder, that is, difficulty forming a blood clot;certain rare diseases affecting the blood vessels. Symptoms Depending on their origin, gastrointestinal bleeding can manifest in different ways:Vomiting fresh blood (haematemesis)Black stools (melaena)Fresh blood in the stools (haematochezia)Sometimes, the bleeding is invisible to the naked eye (occult) and is detected only through anaemia identified in a blood test, related to iron deficiencyIn the event of bleeding originating in the small intestine, the most common manifestations are melaena and anaemia. In all cases, you should consult a gastroenterologist for an assessment. How is bleeding from the small intestine diagnosed? In the event of visible or occult gastrointestinal bleeding and/or iron-deficiency anaemia, your gastroenterologist may prescribe several examinations, carried out progressively and adapted to your situation:Gastroscopy : allows the upper digestive tract (oesophagus, stomach and duodenum) to be visualisedColonoscopy : allows the lower digestive tract (large intestine) to be visualisedAn abdominal CT scan with contrast injection (CT angiography), allows any sources of bleeding in the abdomen or intestine to be identified medical imaging link)Video capsule examination of the small intestine allows the entire small intestine (located between the duodenum and the large intestine) to be visualised by swallowing a capsule the size of a tablet, equipped with cameras that take photographs throughout its passage through your digestive tract. These photographs are transmitted to a device that you wear over your shoulder for an entire day and are subsequently analysed by your gastroenterologist.Double-balloon enteroscopy is an endoscopic examination used to investigate or treat gastrointestinal bleeding in the small intestine, visualised, for example, during a small-intestine video capsule examination or an imaging examination such as a CT scan. This examination is performed under general anaesthesia. It can be carried out through the mouth or the anus, depending on the location of the bleeding in the small intestine. Treatments and care management How can you be treated if the bleeding comes from the small intestine?In the majority of cases, we can treat the source using double-balloon enteroscopy. More rarely, angiography may be required through the interventional radiology department, or digestive surgery. Our department is a reference centre for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding and anaemia, particularly bleeding from the small intestine (video capsule endoscopy and double-balloon enteroscopy).  Our experience and multidisciplinary approach, which sometimes also combines the expertise of several disciplines such as radiology, endoscopy and surgery, ensure optimal diagnosis and treatment tailored to each patient.What does follow-up involve?Regular follow-up is essential for the proper management of your care:Blood tests to assess anaemia and iron deficiencySometimes intravenous iron injections or a transfusion are necessary; these can be administered at the Day Hospital without hospitalisation. Our specialists Prof. Marianna Arvanitakis Director of the Pancreatology and Nutritional Support ClinicGastroenterologist, specialising in pancreatic diseases, interventional endoscopy and clinical nutrition.Professor Marianna Arvanitakis specialised in pancreatology and interventional endoscopy as part of Professor Jacques Devière’s team at Erasme Hospital. After obtaining a University Diploma in Clinical Nutrition in 2005, she took over the medical coordination of the nutritional support service in 2018. Research conducted within the clinic focuses in particular on optimising the management of patients with severe acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis, as well as on the management of patients suffering from short bowel syndrome. A member of several scientific societies, she is Secretary-General of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) for the 2025–2027 term, and a gastroenterology clinical supervisor for the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB). Languages spoken: French, English, Greek. Professor Alia Hadefi Professor Hadefi is a gastroenterologist with expertise in clinical nutrition and metabolic liver diseases. She defended her doctoral thesis on the interaction between the intestine and liver diseases in 2024 and completed additional training in 2025 within the Department of Gastroenterology, Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) and Nutritional Support at Beaujon Hospital (Paris).Languages spoken: French, English, Arabic. Dr Michael Fernandez Y Viesca Dr Fernandez is a gastroenterologist with expertise in pancreatology, acquired after obtaining a university diploma in pancreatology in 2017 (Sorbonne). He is the coordinating physician for benign pancreatic diseases within the multidisciplinary pancreatology consultation and is currently preparing a doctoral thesis on severe acute pancreatitis.Languages spoken: French, English, Spanish. Contact If you experience signs of significant gastrointestinal bleeding (haematemesis, melaena, haematochezia), please go to our Emergency Department as soon as possible; they will contact our team.If the bleeding is a more chronic phenomenon, please do not hesitate to make an appointment for a consultation (by email at ConsGastroMed [dot] erasme [at] hubruxelles [dot] be (ConsGastroMed[dot]erasme[at]hubruxelles[dot]be) or by telephone on +32 (0)2 555.35.04, or contact the H.U.B’s Gastroenterology Department directly at SecMed [dot] GastroMed [dot] erasme [at] hubruxelles [dot] be (SecMed[dot]GastroMed[dot]erasme[at]hubruxelles[dot]be)  Discover the Pancreatology Clinic

What is chronic pancreatitis? The pancreas: What is it? The pancreas is a gland located behind the stomach that performs two essential functions: digesting nutrients through the secretion of digestive enzymes, and regulating blood sugar levels through the secretion of insulin. Chronic pancreatitis is prolonged inflammation of the pancreas. Over time, the pancreas changes and may develop stones or narrowing of its main duct (strictures). These changes cause pain, difficulty digesting food and disturbances in blood sugar regulation. Excessive alcohol consumption is the most common cause of chronic pancreatitis. Sometimes, there are genetic alterations that explain chronic pancreatitis. However, in some cases, no cause can be identified: this is referred to as idiopathic chronic pancreatitis. Sometimes, the disease is of autoimmune origin—that is, it is caused by an abnormal reaction of the immune system against the pancreas—with or without specific antibodies in the blood: in this case, it is referred to as autoimmune pancreatitis. Symptoms Abdominal pain, either in the form of acute episodes (attacks of acute pancreatitis) or continuously.Greasy stools (steatorrhoea), caused by poor digestion of fats.Weight loss and malnutrition, due to insufficient absorption of nutrients.Biological abnormalities: deficiencies in certain minerals (sodium, potassium), vitamins and trace elements.Diabetes, caused by damage to the insulin-producing cells. How is chronic pancreatitis diagnosed? You will first meet a pancreas specialist (gastroenterologist), who will review your symptoms and medical and surgical history. Further examinations will then be carried out:A complete blood test to assess your general condition, kidney function, blood sugar level, vitamin and mineral levels, and the condition of your liverBlood antibody testing if an autoimmune origin is suspectedA genetic analysis, depending on your situationA stool examination, if necessaryA CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging to assess your pancreasA bone densitometry scan (to check the strength of your bones) Treatments and care management Management involves several specialists working together under the coordination of your gastroenterologist:A dietitian will help you adapt your dietMedicines and vitamin supplements will be prescribed to control pain and correct deficienciesPancreatic enzyme replacement therapy if necessaryDiabetes medication if necessary, with follow-up by an endocrinologistSpecific medicines (e.g. corticosteroids or immunosuppressants) may be indicated if you have autoimmune pancreatitisA consultation with a geneticist will be offered if necessaryIn some cases, an intervention may be proposed:  Extracorporeal lithotripsy uses shock waves to fragment stones present in the pancreatic ductEndoscopy (endoscopic cholangiopancreatography) may help to further unblock the pancreatic duct by removing stones and placing small plastic tubes (stents) to keep the duct open Surgery may be necessary if part of the pancreas needs to be removedWhat does follow-up involve?Regular follow-up is essential to ensure that your care proceeds smoothly:At least one consultation per year with your gastroenterologistBlood tests at each visitAn abdominal CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging every yearA bone density scan every 2 years (or more often if necessary) Our specialists Prof. Marianna Arvanitakis Director of the Pancreatology and Nutritional Support ClinicGastroenterologist, specialising in pancreatic diseases, interventional endoscopy and clinical nutrition.Professor Marianna Arvanitakis specialised in pancreatology and interventional endoscopy as part of Professor Jacques Devière’s team at Erasme Hospital. After obtaining a University Diploma in Clinical Nutrition in 2005, she took over the medical coordination of the nutritional support service in 2018. Research conducted within the clinic focuses particularly on optimising the management of patients with severe acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis, as well as on the management of patients suffering from short bowel syndrome. A member of several scientific societies, she is Secretary General of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) for the 2025–2027 term and a gastroenterology clinical supervisor for the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB). Languages spoken: French, English, Greek. Professor Alia Hadefi Professor Hadefi is a gastroenterologist with expertise in clinical nutrition and metabolic liver diseases. She defended her doctoral thesis on the interaction between the intestine and liver diseases in 2024, and completed additional training in 2025 in the Department of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) and Nutritional Support at Beaujon Hospital (Paris).Languages spoken: French, English, Arabic. Dr Michael Fernandez Y Viesca Dr Fernandez is a gastroenterologist with expertise in pancreatology, acquired after obtaining a University Diploma in Pancreatology in 2017 (Sorbonne). He is the coordinating physician for Benign Pancreatic Diseases within the multidisciplinary pancreatology consultation, and is currently preparing a doctoral thesis on severe acute pancreatitis.Languages spoken: French, English, Spanish. Contact To make an appointment for a consultation, email ConsGastroMed [dot] erasme [at] hubruxelles [dot] be (ConsGastroMed[dot]erasme[at]hubruxelles[dot]be) or call +32 (0)2 555.35.04, or contact the H.U.B Gastroenterology Department directly at SecMed [dot] GastroMed [dot] erasme [at] hubruxelles [dot] be (SecMed[dot]GastroMed[dot]erasme[at]hubruxelles[dot]be). Discover the Pancreatology Clinic

What are pancreatic cysts? The pancreas: What is it? The pancreas is a gland located behind the stomach that performs two essential functions: digesting nutrients through the secretion of digestive enzymes, and regulating blood sugar levels through the secretion of insulin. A pancreatic cyst is a fluid-filled sac that forms in or around the pancreas. There are several types:Pseudocysts: these most often appear after acute pancreatitis or abdominal trauma. They are not true cysts, but collections of pancreatic fluid surrounded by a wall. They often disappear spontaneously.Mucinous cysts (IPMN and mucinous cystadenoma): these cysts produce a thick fluid (mucus) and may, in some cases, develop into a tumour. They require careful monitoring.Serous cysts (serous cystadenoma): these cysts are almost always benign and rarely develop into a tumour.Rare cysts of other types, sometimes associated with hereditary or autoimmune diseases. Symptoms The vast majority of pancreatic cysts are discovered incidentally during an imaging examination performed for another reason and do not cause any symptoms. When symptoms are present, the most common ones are:Abdominal pain or a feeling of heavinessWeight lossDiabetes How are pancreatic cysts diagnosed? You will first meet a gastroenterologist specialising in the Pancreatology and Nutritional Support Clinic, who will review your symptoms and medical and surgical history. Further tests will then be carried out:A complete blood test to assess your general condition, kidney function, blood sugar level, vitamin and mineral levels, and liver function.An MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) with cholangiopancreatography (MRCP): this is the reference test for characterising a pancreatic cyst and assessing its relationship with the pancreatic duct.An abdominal CT scan, to complete the assessment if necessary.An endoscopic ultrasound : this is an ultrasound examination performed from inside the stomach using an endoscope, allowing the cyst to be analysed very closely and, if necessary, a sample of the cyst fluid to be taken for analysis. Treatments and care management The vast majority of pancreatic cysts do not require specific treatment. The most important step is to assess the risk of the cyst transforming into a tumour, based on the results of the tests performed and on a multidisciplinary consultation involving specialised gastroenterologists and radiologists, pathologists and surgeons. It is following this collegial discussion that the best management strategy — monitoring, endoscopy or surgery — will be determined for each patient.What does follow-up involve?Regular follow-up is essential for your care to proceed properly:Regular consultations with your gastroenterologist (frequency adapted to the type and size of the cyst)Blood tests at each visitAn abdominal CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging at regular intervals, in accordance with international recommendations  Our specialists Prof. Marianna Arvanitakis Director of the Pancreatology and Nutritional Support ClinicGastroenterologist, specialising in pancreatic diseases, interventional endoscopy and clinical nutrition. Professor Marianna Arvanitakis specialised in pancreatology and interventional endoscopy as part of Professor Jacques Devière’s team at Erasme Hospital. After obtaining a university diploma in Clinical Nutrition in 2005, she took over the medical coordination of the nutritional support service in 2018. Research conducted within the clinic focuses in particular on optimising the management of patients with severe acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis, as well as on the management of patients suffering from short bowel syndrome. A member of several scientific societies, she is Secretary General of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) for the 2025–2027 period, and a gastroenterology clinical supervisor for the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB). Languages spoken: French, English and Greek. Professor Alia Hadefi Professor Hadefi is a gastroenterologist with expertise in clinical nutrition and metabolic liver diseases. She completed her doctoral thesis on the interaction between the gut and liver diseases in 2024, and completed additional training in 2025 in the Department of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) and Nutritional Support at Beaujon Hospital (Paris).Languages spoken: French, English, Arabic. Dr Michael Fernandez Y Viesca Dr Fernandez is a gastroenterologist with expertise in pancreatology, acquired after obtaining a university diploma in pancreatology in 2017 (Sorbonne). He is the coordinating physician for Benign Pancreatic Diseases within the multidisciplinary pancreatology consultation team and is currently preparing a doctoral thesis on severe acute pancreatitis.Languages spoken: French, English, Spanish. Contact To make an appointment for a consultation by email at ConsGastroMed [dot] erasme [at] hubruxelles [dot] be (ConsGastroMed[dot]erasme[at]hubruxelles[dot]be) or by telephone on +32 (0)2 555.35.04, or to contact the Gastroenterology Department of H.U.B directly at SecMed [dot] GastroMed [dot] erasme [at] hubruxelles [dot] be (SecMed[dot]GastroMed[dot]erasme[at]hubruxelles[dot]be)  Discover the Pancreatology Clinic

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Pain management The Brussels University Hospital offers a comprehensive range of services, from acute to chronic pain, with specialised teams available at several sites. 1. Pain consultations Acute and transitional pain — Imedia CentreThese consultations are intended for all patients requiring an algology consultation: medication management, pre-infiltration assessment, post-infiltration follow-up, and other acute situations.Days: Monday to FridayLocation: Imedia CentreAccess: MyHUB and RosaChronic pain — CMETD (Imedia Centre)For patients requiring multidisciplinary care. A report from a specialist doctor is mandatory to access these consultations.Location: Imedia CentreAccess: not accessible via MyHUB or RosaSpecialist doctor’s report mandatoryAcute and chronic pain — Lothier PolyclinicThe Lothier Polyclinic welcomes patients for acute and chronic pain consultations. A third time slot on Thursdays will be available soon.Days: Monday and Tuesday (+ Thursday coming soon)Location: Lothier PolyclinicAccess: MyHUB and Rosa 2. Interventional Algology — Pain Clinic Imedia CentreTwo image-guided infiltration sessions are available every day, open throughout the day, and accessible to general practitioners via MyHUB.Days: Monday to Friday — all day1 ultrasound-guided session + 1 fluoroscopy-guided sessionAccess for GPs: via MyHUBLothier PolyclinicOne ultrasound-guided infiltration session on Tuesday morning. A second session on Thursday morning will be added shortly. Accessible to general practitioners via MyHUB.Days: Tuesday morning (+ Thursday morning to come)Technique: ultrasound-guidedAccess for GPs: via MyHUB Discover the H.U.B Pain Clinic 3. Survivorship Programme Survivorship Pain ConsultationsSupport for patients experiencing pain following oncological treatment.Days: Tuesday, Wednesday and ThursdayLocation: Imedia CentreAccès: MyHUB and RosaSurvivorship Acupuncture ConsultationsAcupuncture consultations as part of post-cancer follow-up. Gradual rollout across two sites.Site Cairos — from June 2026 4. Paediatric pain Children and adolescents suffering from chronic pain receive specialised care at the CMETD of the Children’s Hospital (HUDERF).Population: paediatric patientsType: chronic painSite: CMETD — HUDERF Appointment Most of our consultations can be accessed directly via the MyHUB and Rosa platforms. For multidisciplinary chronic pain consultations (CMETD) and requests for the Pain Clinic, a report from your specialist is required beforehand.

What is acute pancreatitis? Pancreas: What is it? The pancreas is a gland located behind the stomach that performs two essential functions: digesting nutrients, through the secretion of digestive enzymes, and regulating blood sugar levels, through the secretion of insulin.Acute pancreatitis is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas, mainly associated with excessive alcohol consumption or the presence of gallstones. In the vast majority of cases, the inflammation resolves within a few days without leaving any lasting effects. In the most severe cases, it can lead to failure of certain organs (kidneys, lungs, etc.), requiring admission to the intensive care unit. Subsequently, pancreatic fluid collections may form: these are pockets of fluid that may become infected and then require antibiotic treatment, supplemented, if necessary, by drainage of the infected fluid. Symptoms Severe abdominal painFeverOther digestive symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea  How is acute pancreatitis diagnosed? The diagnosis is often made using a blood test and an abdominal CT scan. An abdominal ultrasound may also be performed to identify the presence of gallstones (stones in the gallbladder). Treatment and care management Initially, treatment aims to relieve symptoms and prevent the pancreatitis from worsening, notably through intravenous hydration and pain management.In the context of severe acute pancreatitis, interventional endoscopy techniques—that is, without surgery—can be used to drain the infected fluid directly through the stomach or duodenum (the first part of the small intestine).In the most complex cases, a multidisciplinary approach combining several specialities may be necessary:Interventional radiology, which can drain infected collections through the skin using catheters.Surgery, as a last resort when other approaches are insufficient. Our specialists Prof. Marianna Arvanitakis Director of the Pancreatology and Nutritional Support ClinicGastroenterologist, specialising in pancreatic diseases, interventional endoscopy and clinical nutrition.Professor Marianna Arvanitakis specialised in pancreatology and interventional endoscopy as part of Professor Jacques Devière’s team at Erasme Hospital. After obtaining a University Diploma in Clinical Nutrition in 2005, she took over the medical coordination of the nutritional support service in 2018. Research conducted within the clinic focuses in particular on optimising the management of patients with severe acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis, as well as on the management of patients suffering from short bowel syndrome. A member of several scientific societies, she is Secretary General of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) for the 2025–2027 term, and a gastroenterology clinical supervisor for the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB). Languages spoken: French, English, Greek. Professor Alia Hadefi Professor Hadefi is a gastroenterologist with expertise in clinical nutrition and metabolic liver diseases. She defended her doctoral thesis on the interaction between the intestine and liver diseases in 2024, and completed additional training in 2025 within the Department of Gastroenterology, Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) and Nutritional Support at Beaujon Hospital (Paris).Languages spoken: French, English, Arabic. Dr Michael Fernandez Y Viesca Dr Fernandez is a gastroenterologist with expertise in pancreatology, acquired after obtaining a university diploma in Pancreatology in 2017 (Sorbonne). He is the coordinating physician for Benign Pancreatic Diseases within the multidisciplinary pancreatology consultation and is currently preparing a doctoral thesis on severe acute pancreatitis.Languages spoken: French, English, Spanish. Contact To make an appointment for a consultation, please email ConsGastroMed [dot] erasme [at] hubruxelles [dot] be or call +32 (0)2 555.35.04. Alternatively, contact the H.U.B. Gastroenterology Department directly at SecMed [dot] GastroMed [dot] erasme [at] hubruxelles [dot] be. Discover the Pancreatology Clinic

What is multiple sclerosis? (MS) Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord). It occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks myelin, a substance that surrounds and protects nerve fibres. This damage disrupts the transmission of nerve signals, causing various neurological symptoms. MS is described as an “autoimmune disease” because it results from an inappropriate immune response against the body’s own tissues. Symptoms and prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis in Belgium Common symptomsThe symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) vary depending on the areas of the nervous system affected. They may include:Severe fatigue: often disproportionate to the level of activity.Visual disturbances: blurred or double vision, or partial loss of vision.Numbness or tingling: particularly in the limbs.Motor difficulties: muscle weakness, coordination or balance problems.Cognitive problems: memory or concentration difficulties.Pain: particularly neuropathic pain (burning sensations, electric shocks).Spasticity: involuntary muscle stiffness.Urinary problems: frequent or urgent need to urinate, or difficulty emptying the bladder.Bowel dysfunctionSexual dysfunctionThese symptoms may occur in relapses (periods of worsening) followed by remissions (partial or complete improvements), or may progress slowly over time.Prevalence in BelgiumIn Belgium, it is estimated that approximately 15,000 people live with MS, corresponding to a prevalence of 127 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The disease mainly affects young adults, with an average age at diagnosis of between 20 and 40 years, and predominantly affects women (approximately 73% of cases).  Diseases associated with MS Diseases associated with anti-MOG antibodies (Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein) are a rare condition closely related to multiple sclerosis (MS) that also affects the myelin. In this disease, the immune system produces antibodies against a protein called MOG, which is present in myelin. This can cause symptoms similar to those of MS, but the mechanism is different, and the treatment must be different as well.Neuromyelitis optica (or NMO) is a rare inflammatory disease of the nervous system in which the immune system primarily attacks the nerves of the eyes (optic nerves) and the spinal cord. This can lead to vision loss, eye pain, limb weakness or sensory disturbances. Early diagnosis and appropriate management can often help limit relapses and their after-effects. How is Multiple Sclerosis treated? Medical management of Multiple SclerosisDiagnosisThe diagnosis of MS is based on a set of examinations:Assessment of symptoms and clinical examinationBlood tests: used to distinguish MS from other diseases that may “mimic” itMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) : used to visualise lesions (or “plaques”) in the brain and spinal cord.Lumbar puncture: analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to detect signs of inflammation.Ophthalmological examination: used to detect damage to the optic nerve or paresis of the cranial nerves, which may manifest as double vision.  Evoked potentials : tests measuring the conduction speed of the nerve signals involved in strength and sensation in the arms and legs (motor and somatosensory evoked potentials), vision (visual evoked potentials), and hearing (auditory and brainstem evoked potentials). TreatmentsThere is currently no cure for multiple sclerosis, but several treatments can slow the progression of the disease, reduce the frequency of relapses (episodes of symptoms), and relieve symptoms in daily life. These treatments fall into three main categories:Treatment of relapsesWhen a relapse occurs (sudden onset or worsening of symptoms), the doctor may prescribe:•    Corticosteroids (powerful anti-inflammatory medicines), administered by infusion or sometimes as tablets.Their role is to rapidly reduce inflammation in the nervous system and accelerate recovery. Disease-modifying treatmentsThese treatments are taken over the long term, even between relapses. Their aims are to:•    Reduce the number of relapses,•    Limit the progression of disability,•    Slow the progression of lesions in the brain and spinal cord (visible on MRI).There are several types of disease-modifying medicines, administered as tablets, injections or infusions. The choice depends on the type of MS, the level of disease activity, possible side effects and the patient’s lifestyle. Symptomatic treatmentsMS can cause various symptoms over time, which can be relieved with appropriate treatments:•    Fatigue: management through rehabilitation, lifestyle and activity pacing, and sometimes medicines.•    Spasticity (muscle stiffness): management through rehabilitation and medicines such as baclofen or Sativex® (oral spray).•    Neuropathic pain: specific medicines (antiepileptic medicines or antidepressants used for pain relief).•    Urinary, sexual or digestive problems: depending on the case, medicinal or rehabilitation options are available.•    Anxiety and depressive disorders: psychological support and appropriate treatments.•    Cognitive disorders: neuropsychological support and, sometimes, cognitive rehabilitation.Regular physical activity is particularly important. If necessary, the patient may benefit from physiotherapy support.These treatments help improve quality of life on a daily basis, even when the disease is present. Long-term medical follow-up MS is a complex disease that can affect several aspects of health. This is why its management requires a multidisciplinary team tailored to each patient, including:Neurologists: coordinate treatment and monitor the progression of the disease.Specialist nurses: provide therapeutic education and day-to-day support.Physiotherapists and occupational therapists: help maintain mobility and prevent complications.Psychologists: support patients in managing the emotional impact of the disease.Neuropsychologists: assess cognitive abilities (memory, attention, language and executive functions), adapt follow-up and provide daily-life advice (work, studies and personal-life organisation), and sometimes implement cognitive rehabilitation.Social workers: assess the need for assistance at home.In addition to these healthcare professionals, other specialists may be involved:Infectious disease specialists: Before initiating a disease-modifying treatment, the infectious disease specialist ensures that there is no active infection and that vaccinations are up to date.Ophthalmologists: MS can cause visual disorders such as a sudden decrease in vision in one or both eyes (optic neuritis) or double vision (diplopia). The ophthalmologist can detect these disorders using examinations such as a fundus examination, visual-field testing or optical coherence tomography (OCT), and can therefore offer appropriate care.Urologists. Approximately 70 to 80% of people with MS experience urinary problems at some point: an urgent or frequent need to urinate, difficulty completely emptying the bladder, or recurrent urinary tract infections. The urologist assesses bladder function, often using an examination called a urodynamic assessment, adapts treatments (medication, catheterisation techniques and nerve stimulation), and offers care that respects the patient’s quality of life.Gynaecologists. In women with MS, certain gynaecological issues require particular attention: the impact of MS or its treatments on the menstrual cycle, contraception suited to certain treatments, pregnancy (MS does not prevent women from having a child, but requires specific monitoring before, during and after pregnancy), and sexual disorders related to the disease. In liaison with the neurologist, the gynaecologist helps ensure comprehensive follow-up of women’s health.Dermatologists: The dermatologist checks for any possible skin-related side effects associated with certain disease-modifying treatments.Neurorehabilitation specialists: This team participates in the rehabilitation and functional readaptation of patients experiencing problems with motor function, manual dexterity, coordination, balance or walking.The Pain Clinic: The team assesses and treats pain with the support of a multidisciplinary team.Neuroradiologists: The radiologist plays an essential role in the initial diagnosis of MS and in monitoring disease progression. Using MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), the radiologist identifies “plaques” (inflammatory lesions in the brain and spinal cord), which are characteristic of MS.The H.U.B MS Clinic offers integrated, personalised and innovative multidisciplinary care for all patients diagnosed with MS. What care is available for children with multiple sclerosis? For patients under 18, specific paediatric care is provided. This care takes into account the specific features of the condition, particularly from a clinical perspective, as well as its therapeutic aspects and follow-up. It also addresses the specific needs of a developing child, with particular attention to schooling, sports and extracurricular activities, as well as emotional and psychological aspects. This essential care helps to better respect the child’s pace, maturity in relation to treatment, and the expectations of children and their families. Find out more. Our specialists For patients over 18 years of age‘MS Expert’ neurologistsDr Sophie ELANDS (FR, NL, EN)Dr Serena BORRELLI (FR, EN, IT)RehabilitationDr Pierre CABARAUXDr Johanne GARBUSINSKIParamedical teamMs Francesca LOSURDO – PhysiotherapistMs Elsa DI FONTE – PhysiotherapistMr Corentin LOISON – PhysiotherapistMs Fabienne DEVEYLDER – Research coordinatorMs Christiane KITOKO – Research coordinatorMs Sarah EL HAJJ – Research coordinator Contact the Multiple Sclerosis Clinic For patients under 18Dr Audrey Van Hecke – Paediatric neurologist HUDERF (coordinating physician)Baijot Simon – NeuropsychologistDr Lhoir – OphthalmologistDr Slegers – CardiologistDr El Nemnom – DermatologistDr Preziosi – RadiologistDr Lombardo – Physical medicineMs El Khaldi – Reference nurse for hospitalisation Contact the Neuropaediatrics Department at HUDERF

Pressure sores and their prevention Contrary to popular belief, pressure ulcers do not affect only older people. Anyone who is bedridden, confined to bed or hospitalised for a long period may be affected. It is therefore essential to screen for and prevent pressure ulcers, especially since these wounds are avoidable! Image What is a pressure ulcer? Pressure ulcers, also called pressure sores, are lesions of the skin and underlying tissues caused by prolonged pressure on an area of the body, often over pressure points (heels, sacrum, hips). They generally begin with persistent redness, progressing rapidly—sometimes within a few hours—to deep wounds if the pressure is not relieved and appropriate multidisciplinary care is not provided. Maceration, as well as malnutrition associated with prolonged immobility, worsens their development. Without prompt intervention, they can cause severe pain and serious wounds, and may require complex, intensive and prolonged hospitalisation. Image How can the development of a pressure ulcer be prevented? There are several early warning signs to watch for to prevent pressure sores from developing or worsening:Redness that does not disappear when the skin is pressed gently: this is reversible, but action must be taken quickly!Localised pain or discomfort, even if the skin appears intact.These signs can progress rapidly. If in doubt, it is essential to alert a nurse or doctor immediately. “Every repositioning, even the slightest, matters: changing position, moving a limb, adjusting a cushion… These are simple actions that can make all the difference,” explains Agathe Ducrocq.Here are some good practices to follow to prevent pressure sores from developing:Regular repositioning (every 2 or 3 hours)Use of appropriate preventive surfaces (mattresses, pressure-relieving cushions, sheets, clothing, etc.)Daily monitoring of the skin in areas at riskSkin hygiene and hydration (particularly in cases of incontinence or hot weather)Monitoring of nutritional intake and hydrationShared communication and vigilance between carers and healthcare professionalsIn hot weather, it is necessary to cool the patient and change the bedding. This prevents maceration and ensures greater patient comfort. Download our guide How can the worsening of a pressure ulcer be prevented? Do you think your loved one is developing a pressure ulcer? Don’t panic! The important thing is to act quickly to prevent the pressure ulcer from potentially worsening.To do so, call without delay:Your home nurse (if they are already involved in your care, they are the first person to notify)Your general practitionerYour pharmacist (trained to provide guidance) In the event of a deep wound or deterioration in general condition: call the emergency servicesGeneral number: 112H.U.B Emergency Department: +32 (0)2 555 34 02 or 34 05)An assessment will make it possible to:Determine whether or not it is in fact a pressure ulcerDefine the stage of progression of the pressure ulcerAdapt the care, equipment and positioningPut coordinated care in place (nurse, physiotherapist, doctor)You are not responsible for this situation. You are doing your best. And you are not alone—we are here to help you. The H.U.B Pressure Ulcer Screening and Prevention Group (GDPE) GDPE was created in 2023. It is a multidisciplinary group, established through the quality unit, bringing together nurses, occupational therapists, physiotherapists, doctors, the care support team and dietitians. Our aim is to provide the necessary resources and reach as many people as possible so that pressure-ulcer prevention and screening become second nature, whether you are a doctor, nurse, nursing assistant or carer! Contact the GDPE Resources and useful links Whether you are a caregiver or a healthcare professional, the Pressure Ulcer Screening and Prevention Group provides you with useful resources to prevent the development of a pressure ulcer or stop it from worsening, both in hospital and at home. Of course, if in doubt, do not hesitate to consult a healthcare professional specialising in the management of this type of wound. [BROCHURE] Pressure ulcer prevention for patients and caregivers [MEMO] Pressure sore prevention – The right things to do FAQ about pressure ulcers 1. Who can develop pressure sores? Pressure sores can affect anyone who remains in the same position for a long time without moving: people who are bedridden, wheelchair users, hospitalised patients or older people. However, they can also affect younger people in the event of temporary loss of mobility. 2. What causes pressure ulcers? Pressure sores are caused by prolonged pressure on certain areas of the body, such as the heels, buttocks or back, but also on less well-known areas, such as behind the ears (glasses, masks), inside the nostrils (tubes), under the arms or between skin folds. This pressure blocks blood circulation, damaging the skin and the underlying tissues. Moisture, friction or poor nutrition can also increase the risk. Overall vigilance is therefore essential, even for small areas of contact. 3. What are the 4 stages of pressure ulcers? Stage 1: Persistent redness of the skin (still reversible if addressed quickly).Stage 2: The skin is damaged, sometimes with a blister or a superficial wound.Stage 3: The wound becomes deeper, affecting the tissues beneath the skin.Stage 4: Severe lesions that may affect muscles, tendons or even bones.Action must be taken from the first stage to prevent the patient from developing a rapid and painful infection that could require prolonged (re-)hospitalisation. 4. Do pressure sores heal? Yes, provided they are treated promptly and correctly. The earlier they are detected, the faster the recovery. Advanced stages require specialised care (wound care and plastic surgery) and may take much longer to heal. 5. Is a bedsore dangerous? Yes, especially if it is left untreated. A pressure ulcer can become infected, cause severe pain, lead to serious complications and hospitalisation. This is why prevention and regular monitoring are so important.

Our mission The Pain Clinic is a specialised second- and third-line centre dedicated to the management of chronic or complex pain. With more than 5,000 procedures performed each year, our multidisciplinary team offers personalised treatments to help patients regain a better quality of life. Our mission is to provide our patients with relief through state-of-the-art techniques and innovative equipment.Access to the centre is exclusively by appointment and upon referral from a referring physician. We welcome you from Monday to Friday, except on public holidays. The conditions treated The Pain Clinic manages a wide range of conditions. Chronic pain can affect anyone and is often caused by various factors. Spinal pain (lower back, thoracic and cervical), postoperative pain and joint pain (knees, shoulders) are among the most common.It is estimated that 80% of the world’s population will suffer from back pain at some point in their lives. Several factors can promote its onset or worsening, such as a sedentary lifestyle, being overweight, stress, population ageing and even a humid climate. Appropriate care can help control this pain more effectively and improve patients’ quality of life. Our range of care Injections: a therapeutic procedure in which a medicine is injected directly into a targeted area of the body. Each treatment is tailored to the patient and performed under optimal conditions of safety and comfort. Image Image Image Lumbar foraminal injection This is a selective epidural injection. This unilateral injection is administered at the level of the foramen ovale, where the nerve emerges, to treat radicular pain. It targets pain radiating into the limb and paraesthesia. The procedure is guided by fluoroscopy with contrast and neurostimulation, followed by monitoring in the recovery room in the presence of an accompanying person. Cervical foraminal injection This is a lateralised epidural injection. This unilateral injection is administered at the level of the foramen ovale, where the nerve emerges, to treat radicular pain radiating to the hand. It is indicated in cases of pain in the upper limb and paraesthesia. The procedure is performed under ultrasound guidance for optimal precision, followed by monitoring in the recovery room in the presence of an accompanying person. Facet blocks Facet joint injections to treat band-like pain caused by osteoarthritis. The injections may cover up to three bilateral levels, i.e. a maximum of six injections per session. Unlike foraminal injections, discontinuation of anticoagulants is not required, and there is no mandatory stay in the recovery room or need for an accompanying person. Sacroiliac joint injection Infiltration targeting joint pain in the sacroiliac joint, this technique effectively relieves patients suffering from chronic pelvic pain. Radiofrequency thermocoagulation This technique consists of lysing sensory nerves using an electrical current at 68°C for 90 seconds, thereby prolonging the effect of the infiltrations. It is used for facet joint blocks and sacroiliac pain, with treatment performed on only one side per session (if the pain is bilateral, the treatment must be carried out in two sessions). Please note that the maximum interval of three months after the facet joint blocks must not be exceeded. Pulsed radiofrequency or DRG This technique targets the foraminal area, applying 42°C for 120 seconds to modulate nerve conduction and reduce pain. Occipital nerve block This infiltration is indicated for inflammatory helmet-like headaches, whether bilateral or unilateral. Radiofrequency treatment of the sensory nerves may be combined with this infiltration to prolong its effectiveness. Infiltration at the site of pain This infiltration targets chronic painful surgical wounds. It is performed under ultrasound guidance for optimal precision. How a session works Care at the Pain Clinic is provided on an outpatient basis, ensuring that you can return home the same day. For certain procedures, you must be accompanied home by someone close to you; please ask the care team for information.Admission and preparation: after arrival, the patient is taken care of without needing to fast. An identity check is systematically performed to ensure the safety of the care pathway.Medical history: the medical team assesses the symptoms, their progression and the consistency between the request and the clinical findings.Positioning and procedure: the patient is positioned under optimal conditions, using sterile equipment to ensure a safe procedure.Recommendations and follow-up : after the procedure, personalised instructions are provided to optimise recovery and limit side effects. Post-infiltration monitoring may be indicated depending on the type of procedure performed.For follow-up of pain after the infiltrations, you will be referred back to the referring physician (the general practitioner or specialist who prescribed the infiltrations). Our specialists Prof. Turgay Tuna (Head of the Anaesthesiology Department)Dr Nicolas BernardDr Dragos-Ioan Chirnoaga  Dr Francisco CravoDr Djamal GhoundiwalDr Nathalie NatisDr Marie-Laure NisolleDr Faouzi SeddikDr Nathalie Van CutsemDr Senada Ymeraj  Associated services Access and appointment scheduling The Pain Clinic is located at the Imedia outpatient centre: 501 Lennik Road – 1080 Anderlecht.To make an appointment, please send your request, together with your referring doctor's prescription, to the following address: PainClinic [at] hubruxelles [dot] be (PainClinic[at]hubruxelles[dot]be) (please include your surname, first name, date of birth and telephone number).For further information, you can also call +32 2 555 32 32. Directions

Eating disorders in children and adolescents What are eating disorders?An eating disorder is an “abnormal” eating pattern associated with severe psychological distress, which becomes long-lasting and whose consequences for the individual’s health can be serious. In this type of mental illness, attitudes towards one’s body, weight and food are disturbed. Psychosocial functioning and quality of life are also significantly impaired.Eating disorders generally emerge during adolescence and primarily affect girls. However, they can also occur in boys and may develop during childhood or adulthood.H.U.B Reference Centre for Eating Disorders Advice for Parents Early identification of warning signs is crucial for effective intervention. Parents should pay attention to the following changes in their children:Changes in eating habitsPreoccupation with weight and appearanceWeight lossSigns of social and/or family withdrawalMood changes: sadness, irritability, anxiety, perfectionismLow self-esteem  Time is a decisive factor in the treatment of eating disorders. Rapid diagnosis can help prevent serious health problems such as:Arrested pubertal growth and developmentHeart problemsBone fragilityHair lossDental damageIndicationsIf you suspect that your child or adolescent has an eating disorder, prompt medical consultation is essential. General practitioners, paediatricians or other primary care providers can refer you to specialised facilities, such as the Children’s Hospital (HUDERF) or Erasme Hospital. To make an appointment:Children’s Hospital (HUDERF) +32 2 477 31 80Appointment request form Erasme: EMC Child and Adolescent ConsultationSecretariat: +32 2 555 32 96Appointment request form