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Lung Cancer
Lung Cancer
What is lung cancer?
Lung cancer is a disease in which certain cells in the lungs grow and multiply uncontrollably, forming a mass called a tumor.
There are two main types of lung cancer:
• Non-small cell lung cancer (most common, about 80% of cases).
• Small cell lung cancer (less common, but more aggressive).
Prevalence in Belgium
Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in Belgium.
About 9,000 new cases are diagnosed each year.
It is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the country.
The main risk factor is smoking, but others exist: exposure to radon, air pollution, passive smoking, family history.
Symptoms
- Persistent or changing cough
- Coughing up blood
- Chest pain or shortness of breath
- Hoarseness
- Unexplained weight loss, fatigue
- Recurrent lung infections (bronchitis, pneumonia)
Having these symptoms does not necessarily mean cancer, but it’s important to see a doctor if they persist. |
Medical Management of Lung Cancer
1. Screening
Routine screening for lung cancer is not yet widespread in Belgium.
Studies are underway to offer targeted screening to high-risk individuals (e.g., heavy smokers).
2. Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on:
- Medical imaging: chest CT scan, PET scan, MRI
- Bronchoscopy (allows direct visualization and tissue sampling)
- Biopsy: confirms cancer by analyzing cells
3. Treatment
Treatment depends on the cancer type, stage, and overall health.
It may include:
- Surgery: removal of the tumor when possible
- Radiotherapy: using radiation to destroy cancer cells
- Chemotherapy: drugs that kill cancer cells
- Targeted therapy: acts on specific genetic mutations of the tumor
- Immunotherapy: stimulates the immune system to fight cancer
4. Follow-up
Regular follow-up is essential:
- Clinical and imaging check-ups
- Management of side effects
- Psychological, nutritional, and respiratory support
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) over lung cancer
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1. Does lung cancer only affect smokers?
No. Smoking is the main cause, but 10–15% of patients have never smoked.
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2. What are the early warning signs?
Persistent cough, shortness of breath, coughing up blood, unexplained weight loss.
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3. Can lung cancer be detected early?
Yes, in theory, but there is no official screening program yet in Belgium.If you have symptoms or are a smoker, consult a doctor.
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4. What are the survival rates?
They vary depending on the stage—earlier detection improves outcomes.
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5. Does quitting smoking reduce the risk even after years of smoking?
Yes, quitting significantly lowers the risk, even after many years.
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6. Is lung cancer hereditary?
There may be genetic predispositions, but smoking remains the main risk factor.
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7. Are the tests painful?
Most tests, like CT and PET scans, are painless. Biopsies can be slightly uncomfortable but are performed under local anesthesia.
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8. Can I live normally during treatment?
It depends on the treatment type and side effects, but tailored medical support helps maintain quality of life.
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9. What are the side effects of lung cancer treatments?
They vary greatly by therapy but are increasingly well managed.
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10. Where can I find support?
Patient associations, specialized psychologists, and hospital support teams can help.
Resources and useful links about lung cancer
Whether you’ve been diagnosed or suspect lung cancer, you’re not alone. Here are reliable sources and support groups to help you understand and manage the disease:
