Endometriosis Clinic

FAQ

• 1. What is endometriosis?

  Endometriosis is a chronic and progressive gynecological condition characterized by the growth of uterine lining tissue (endometrium) outside the uterine cavity. This growth can occur on any abdominal organs but is most commonly found on pelvic organs, particularly the ovaries, the ligaments supporting the uterus, and the peritoneum. In the most severe, though rare, cases, endometriosis can affect the intestines (especially the rectum), the bladder, the ureter (the tube connecting the kidney to the bladder), or the vagina.

• 2. What are the symptoms of endometriosis?

  Endometriosis mainly presents with chronic pelvic pain, especially during menstruation (dysmenorrhea) or sexual intercourse (dyspareunia). It can also cause digestive and urinary problems, as well as fatigue. Difficulties in conceiving (infertility) are common in some affected women.

• 3. What causes endometriosis?

  The exact causes of endometriosis are not yet fully understood, but several theories exist. One of them is retrograde menstruation, where menstrual blood flows back through the fallopian tubes and deposits endometrial cells outside the uterus. Genetic, hormonal, and immune factors may also play a role, as well as disruptions during embryonic development.

• 4. At what age can endometriosis occur?

  Endometriosis can appear from the onset of the first menstrual periods, often during adolescence, typically between 15 and 20 yearsold. However, it is often underdiagnosed at this age due to the normalization of menstrual pain. It can also develop later, particularly in women of reproductive age.

• 5. How is endometriosis diagnosed?

  The diagnosis of endometriosis involves several steps, including a clinical examination and evaluation of symptoms. Imaging tests, such as pelvic ultrasound or MRI, are used to assess lesions. If no lesions are detectable through imaging, a laparoscopy may be necessary. This is a surgical procedure that allows direct visualization of the affected tissues. A non-invasive saliva test is currently under development and is not yet reimbursed. It is intended for use in cases of typical endometriosis symptoms when imaging is inconclusive, in order to confirm the diagnosis while avoiding a laparoscopy.

• 6. Is there a treatment for endometriosis?

  There is no curative treatment for endometriosis, but several options can help relieve symptoms. Treatments include anti-inflammatory medications for pain, hormonal therapies to reduce lesions, and in some cases, surgery to remove affected tissue. Personalized care for each patient is essential to improve quality of life

• 7. Can endometriosis be fatal?

  Endometriosis is not a life-threatening disease in itself, but it can severely affect quality of life by causing chronic pain and complications such as infertility. Although endometriosis does not directly cause death, its physical and psychological consequences can be significant without adequate treatment. Medical monitoring and care are essential to prevent these impacts.

• 8. Can you have a child if you have endometriosis?

  Yes, it is possible to have a child with endometriosis, although this condition can make conception more difficult for some women due to the lesions and inflammation it causes. Approximately 30 to 50% of women with endometriosis may experience difficulties conceiving. However, fertility treatments, such as medically assisted reproduction (MAR/IVF), can help overcome these obstacles.

• 9. Is endometriosis linked to cancer?

  Endometriosis is not cancer, and the majority of women with the condition will not develop cancer. However, some studies suggest a slightly increased risk of certain types of cancer, such as ovarian cancer, in women with endometriosis after menopause. This risk remains generally low, but regular medical monitoring is recommended for affected women, even after menopause.

• 10. Can endometriosis be detected with a Pap smear?

  No, endometriosis cannot be detected with a cervical Pap smear. The Pap smear is used to screen for cellular abnormalities in the cervix, particularly those related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. To diagnose endometriosis, examinations such as ultrasound, MRI, or laparoscopy are required.